ICT book 2. Systems

Created by: Rebecca Paulucci
Created on: 15-02-17 23:44

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2. Systems
- The role of ICT in organisations.
  - They may save time compared to manual methods. EPOS ect.
    - They may help the company to produce better products. CAD, plus saves money and time.
    - May save money by estimating materials and timing more accurately.
  - CFS (Critical Success Factors). The essential areas of activity that must be performed well if the goals are to be met.
- Common ICT system used in organisations.
  - Payroll - The administration of wages and salaries.
    - Can be purchased off the shelf and then configured to meet the need of the organisation.
    - Accounting systems manage the financial operations of a business.
      - They help keep track of expenditure by setting up cost centers for various departments.
  - HR (Human Resources) - The department that deals with the management of the people who work for an organisation.
    - Store personal data such as contact details and date of appointments, plus any records of promotions or disciplinary incidents.
    - If a vacency arose requiring specific skills, the database can produce a list of people.
    - Modules can be separate and linked together. Data about employees for HR could also be used for payroll.
      - When data needs to be transferred between systems, EDI is the most efficient method if it is available.
  - The requirement of external agencies.
    - Supply chain
      - Needs to be maintained smoothly because a delay anywhere can mean the customer doesnt get the product.
      - No organisation within the chain wants to hold large amounts of stock.
    - Legacy Systems still may be used, its essential that Data Portability is maintained.
      - Data Portability - The ability to transfer data between different software packages or systems.
      - If the Legacy System is to be totally replaced, then Data Transferability is important.
        Data Transferability - The ability to import data from an old ICT system to a new one when the new one is being installed.
  - Back Office Systems - The ICT systems that run the internal operations of an organisations and are not accessible or visible to the general public.
  - Transaction Processing Systems - These carry out day-today activities of most organisations at operation level.
    - ATM , buying a train ticket or a bill, EPOS.
  - Workflow Management Systems - Software that helps organisations analyse and manage their business processes by using a computer model to represent the logic of the workflow.
  - Document Management Systems - developed to store paper based documents electronically. Metadata from the document contents is searchable.
    - Metadata - Data about data. It provides information about the content of documents using key works, descriptions and dates.
  - Systems for collabrotive working,
    - Version control is the management of changes to documents.
- MIS (Managing Information Systems) takes data from internal and external sources and processes it to provide info that can be used at different levels to aid decisions.
  - DSS (Decision Support Systems) are computer based systems that analyse data to provide information to help managers make decisions.
    - Enterprise Systems are those that serve the enterprise as a whole rather than any individual department.
      - Data Mining is the extraction of previously unknown and potentially useful information from data.
    - CRM (Customer Relationship Management) stores the customers interests centrally so that the up-to-date information is available to all departments.
      - Data Warehouse is a storage facility for large quantities of data.
- For online transactions, a secure server needs to be set up. Encryption. HTTPS rather than HTTP. Need to be approved by bank before they can offer this service.

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ICT book 2. Systems

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