4A - Alkanes
- Created by: Strelly22
- Created on: 26-03-21 08:09
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- 4A - Alkanes
- Definitions
- Hydrocarbon
- a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
- Alicyclic
- containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that isn't aromatic
- Aliphatic
- containing carbon atoms joined together in straignt or branched chains
- Aromatic
- containing 1 or more benzene ring
- Saturated
- containing single bonds only
- Unsaturated
- containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond
- Homologous Series
- a series of organic compounds with the same functional group; but with each successive member differing by CH2
- Functional Group
- the part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
- Structural Isomers
- compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
- Hydrocarbon
- Types of formulae
- Molecular
- The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
- Empirical
- The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
- Skeletal
- A simplified organic formula with the hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton associated functional groups
- Structural
- The minimal detail shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Displayed
- The relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule, including the bonds between them
- Molecular
- Naming organic compounds
- Alkane
- C-C
- -ane
- Alkene
- C=C
- -ene
- Haloalkane
- R-Cl, R-Br, R-I
- chloro-, bromo-, iodo-
- Alcohol
- -OH
- -ol
- Aldehyde
- R-C=O C-H
- -al
- Ketone
- R-C=O C-R
- -one
- Carboxylic Acid
- R-C-OH C=O
- -oic acid
- Alkane
- Isomerism
- Position isomers
- the HC chain stays the same in these isomers, but the functional group is found in different positions
- word part stays the same, numbers are different
- Chain isomers
- Chain may be branched or unbranched
- stem names are different
- Functional group isomers
- the functional group is different
- the prefix or suffix indicating the functional group in the name changes
- eg. alkenes and cycloalkanes
- Position isomers
- Alkanes
- Chain Length
- as the number of Cs increase, so does the strength of the London forces
- Branching
- boiling points decrease with increasing branching
- Chain Length
- Definitions
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