A Doll's House Context

?
View mindmap
  • A Doll's House Context
    • Biographical
      • Laura Kieler
        • An acquaintance of Ibsen and his wife Suzannah
          • ADH is based loosely on her
        • Laura's husband got ill + she secretly borrowed money to go on a trip so he would be saved by warmer temperatures
          • She couldn't repay the loans + forged a cheque which the bank realised
            • Her husband filed for a divorce + when she had a breakdown he sent her to a mental asylum
              • He removed the right for her to see her kids
        • Like Ibsen, Rossetti also used experiences from her own life or historialal events
      • Notes for the tragedy of modern times
        • This was a document Ibsen wrote in preparation for writing the final play
        • It showed.....
          • Subservient position of women who are judged by men
            • Female confusion over 'right' and 'wrong' + patriarchal standards of authority
              • Society robbing women of identity + emphasis of male power
        • If we see the play as a tragedy, we can discuss.....
          • Hamartia - tragic flaw/error in judgement by Nora
            • Peripeteia - reversal of fortune/turning point
              • Hubris - display of excessive pride/self-confidence
                • Anagnorisis - key moment of realisation
                  • Pathos - audience feeling of pity/sympathy/fear
      • Ibsen's link to noted feminists
        • Ibsen was acquainted with several women who were discussing the position of women in Norway
          • His wife Suzannah
            • Her stepmother Magdalene Thoresen who was a leader of the feminist movement in Norway
    • Socio-historical and Cultural Contexts
      • Social context - Bourgeois culture in late 19th century Norway
        • 2nd half of 19th century Norway experienced rapid economic development
        • To maintain bourgeois lifestyle + respectability you needed a good house + servants + expensive clothes
          • Cost a substantial amount of money
            • Why middle class men like Torval expressed money insecurity + hope for promotion
        • 'Yes it's a wonderful thing to know that one's position is assured and that one has an ample income.' - Nora
        • 'Sqaunderbird'
        • 'Always on the look out for some way to get money, but as soon as you have any it just runs through your fingers'
        • Economic policies in society can exert pressure on people
          • The suffering + inequality makes the play a 'social tragedy'
        • AO5
          • Marxist reading
            • 'a common theme found.......is the exploitation of the weak and the poor by strong and the rich, and an obsession with material possession'
              • 'The characters in 'A Doll's House' are all affected by the lack or acquisition of money, and their entire lives and way of thinking are based upon it.'
          • Eleanor Marx
            • 'women are the creatures of an organized tyranny of men, as the workers are the creatures of an organized tyranny of idlers'
      • The position of the wife and the mother in the bourgeois family
        • Situation in Norway was different to in Victorian England
          • Women were deemed incapable
            • Couldn't enter financial agreements without male permission
              • Couldn't take out a loan without husband's consent
                • Mrs linde - 'A wife can't borrow money without her husband's consent'
      • The New Woman
        • Women shoulnd't be relegated to traditional wife/mother roles
          • If women had employment opportunities they would have to be given up for marriage
        • A middle class man's status was improved by having a wife at home
          • Men and women were spiritually different
            • Nora - 'I was your little songbird just as before.....as I am now, I am no wife for you'
      • Darwin
        • Origin of the Species (1859) made people + Ibsen question their faith
          • ADH explores questions of disease, heredity + struggle of the individual towards meaning of life without religion
        • Naturalism was being explored at the time
          • Nora thinking for herself rather than what the Church has taught her
            • Nora - 'Oh Torvald, I don't really know what religion means'
      • Naturalism + Realism
        • Much Norwegian literature of 1950 onwards had a social/moral purpose
          • Society was being seen as the principle cause of human suffering
        • In realist drama........
          • Characters were ordinary with believable dialogue
            • Protagonist will be ordinary but might be capable fo heroism
          • Emphasis is placed on the psychology of characters not the plot
          • Common theme is protagonist facing personal/social injustice
          • Stage time is handled like real time
            • Sets/costumes conform to realistic society
          • Characters tend to be representatives of lower/working class rather than the middle class

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar English Literature resources:

See all English Literature resources »See all A Doll's House resources »