7. When were inquisitors introduced and what strategies did they follow to eliminate heresy?
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- Created on: 01-06-18 19:36
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- 7. When were
inquisitors introduced and what strategies did they follow to eliminate heresy?
- University of Toulouse
- Founded in 1229
- Attracted many Paris scholars
- School set up by Franciscans who had settled in Toulouse in 1222
- Order of Preachers
- Appointed by Pope Gregory (1227-41) in 1233 to sit on inquisition tribunals that enquired into matters of heresy and faith
- According to Catherine Leglu, Rebecca Rist and Clare Taylor
- most significant move of all
- Inquisitors introduced when Catholic lords, as allies of French Crown, took control of Languedoc
- Allowed church to fight heresy in a different way
- Specific office of inquisitor was introduced during pontificate of Gregory IX
- Bernard Hamilton
- considers inquisition to have been an antidote to more extreme expressions of social hostility
- that resulted in lynching of supposed heretics by mobs and soldiers, often on mass scale
- e.g. Beziers in 1209
- that resulted in lynching of supposed heretics by mobs and soldiers, often on mass scale
- considers inquisition to have been an antidote to more extreme expressions of social hostility
- Concern of Rome and its representatives was to save souls and it valued this above punishing miscreants
- Hostility originated not in heretics' criticism of clerical failings, which was a common enough viewpoint at a popular level
- but because they attacked core Christian beliefs, social order and very existence of Church itself
- Hostility originated not in heretics' criticism of clerical failings, which was a common enough viewpoint at a popular level
- Recent scholarship on inquisition reflects R.I. Moore's focus on repression as an expression and imposition of power from above
- Through which a repressive clerical agenda could be acted out, rather than as a popular phenomenon
- Bull of Lucius III (1181-5) placed responsibility of investigating heresy on bishops
- The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) advocated corporal punishment of unrepentant adherents to heresy
- if they had been tried and found guilty by qualified clergy - by handing over to 'the secular arm'
- i.e. to legitimate lay authorities who, unlike clergy, had moral right to punish through violence
- Thus the threat of violence, needed to make inquisition successful, was already in place
- i.e. to legitimate lay authorities who, unlike clergy, had moral right to punish through violence
- if they had been tried and found guilty by qualified clergy - by handing over to 'the secular arm'
- In order for its strategies to be realised, heretics had to be separated from their base of support in southern French towns and castra
- This had not happened as a result of crusade, and so new methods were needed to drive wedge between those who adamantly supported heretics and those who could be induced to expose them
- In 1229, people of region had been sworn to reveal heretics where they found them, and public officials sworn to arrest them
- Portion of legislation links the Peace of Paris directly to inquisition
- In 1229, people of region had been sworn to reveal heretics where they found them, and public officials sworn to arrest them
- This had not happened as a result of crusade, and so new methods were needed to drive wedge between those who adamantly supported heretics and those who could be induced to expose them
- University of Toulouse
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