Aggression
Agression by Asheca
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?- Created by: Asheca
- Created on: 26-03-13 19:23
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- Aggression - Behaviour aimed at harming others
- Biological explanation
- (Male) Hormones - Chemicals released by our endocrine system that affect how we behave.
- Testosterone
- Violent criminals - higher levels than non-violent criminals
- Testosterone
- Chromosomal abnormalties
- Violent criminals - high proportion with extra Y chromosomes
- XYY
- Brain damage
- Limbic system - Influences eating, sexual behaviour and aggression.
- e,g. Charles Whitman
- Prefrontal cortex - The front of the brain that is involved in social and moral behaviour and controls aggression.
- Limbic system - Influences eating, sexual behaviour and aggression.
- (Male) Hormones - Chemicals released by our endocrine system that affect how we behave.
- Psychodynamic explanation
- Freud
- Thanatos - Part of our unconcious that causes aggressive drive.
- Drives us towards self destruction.
- Builds up inside us and creates pressure until we can't control it and it makes us act aggressively.
- John Dollard disagreed that it would 'spill over' into aggression for no reason.
- Frustration-aggression explanation
- We need something to frustrate us before becoming aggressive.
- Frustration-aggression explanation
- John Dollard disagreed that it would 'spill over' into aggression for no reason.
- Ego defence mechanisms - Behaviour strategies used to protect ourselves.
- Displacement - Being aggressive to other people.
- Sublimation - Challenging aggression into acceptable activities.
- Thanatos - Part of our unconcious that causes aggressive drive.
- Freud
- Social learning theory
- Observation and imitation
- Vicarious learning - Learning by observation.
- Clearly demonstrated by children.
- Implication - punishment can have the opposite effect of what is intended.
- (Role model) Parent hits child - child learns to hit others.
- Implication - punishment can have the opposite effect of what is intended.
- Similar role models
- Monitoring - Judging whether our own behaviour is appropriate or not.
- Bandura
- If we feel good about what we've done it will strengthen behaviour.
- Bandura
- Observation and imitation
- Development of Agression
- Biological
- Young et al - Effect of hormones.
- Injected pregnant monkey's with testosterone.
- Females grew up to behave like males therefore testosterone plays a vital part in aggression.
- Injected pregnant monkey's with testosterone.
- Raine - Brains of murderers
- 41 murderers in California given a PET scan to compare with non-murderers
- Lower activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers therefore this factor can lead people into commiting violent crimes.
- 41 murderers in California given a PET scan to compare with non-murderers
- Young et al - Effect of hormones.
- Frustration-aggression
- Barker - Effect of frustration
- Children kept waiting before allowed to play with toys and behaviour observed.
- Children more aggressive than others not frustrated therefore frustration does lead to an increase of aggression.
- Children kept waiting before allowed to play with toys and behaviour observed.
- Megargee and Mendelsohn - Link between aggression and personality type
- Brutually aggressive criminals were interviewed and given personality tests.
- Criminals repressed anger until built up and exploded therefore if we contain aggressive instinct for a long time, it will build up and become uncontrollable.
- Brutually aggressive criminals were interviewed and given personality tests.
- Barker - Effect of frustration
- Social learning
- Bandura et al - 3-6 yr old children and imitation
- 96 children divided into 4 groups. Three shown aggressive behaviour towards bobo doll. Behaviour observed
- Children shown aggressive behaviour were more aggressive to the dolls therefore children will copy others.
- 96 children divided into 4 groups. Three shown aggressive behaviour towards bobo doll. Behaviour observed
- Liebert and Baron - Effect of violent TV on aggression in children
- One group shown violence, other shown sports. Observed at play.
- Violence group more aggressive therefore watching violent programmes increase aggression in children
- Charlton - Introduced TV to see if it would affect aggression in children.
- Behaviour recorded over 2 years but showed no increase. Therefore watching role models doesn't make children copy aggressive behaviour.
- High ecological validity
- Longitudinal
- Contradicts
- Charlton - Introduced TV to see if it would affect aggression in children.
- Violence group more aggressive therefore watching violent programmes increase aggression in children
- Contradicts
- One group shown violence, other shown sports. Observed at play.
- Bandura et al - 3-6 yr old children and imitation
- Biological
- Reducing aggression
- Biological
- Drugs
- Ritalin
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Stimulates brain activity
- Ritalin
- Psychosurgery - An operation on the brain to remove the abnormality.
- Drugs
- Psychodynamic
- Ego defence mechanisms
- Catharsis - Watching others experience emotion to get rid of your own
- Social learning
- Bandura - Effect model being punished for aggression on imitation.
- Children shown model being either punished or reinforced.
- Punished group less aggressive therefore punishment reduces aggression.
- Children shown model being either punished or reinforced.
- Huesmann - Effect of teaching children to think more carefully about what they see and aggression.
- Told what happens on TV is not real. Behaviour compared to group without training.
- Trained children showed less aggression therefore it can be reduced by making TV models less influential
- Parents do not have training to explain concepts in a way children can understand.
- Parents not always present to discuss programmes afterwards.
- Told what happens on TV is not real. Behaviour compared to group without training.
- Bandura - Effect model being punished for aggression on imitation.
- Biological
- Biological explanation
- Thanatos - Part of our unconcious that causes aggressive drive.
- Drives us towards self destruction.
- Builds up inside us and creates pressure until we can't control it and it makes us act aggressively.
- John Dollard disagreed that it would 'spill over' into aggression for no reason.
- Frustration-aggression explanation
- We need something to frustrate us before becoming aggressive.
- Frustration-aggression explanation
- John Dollard disagreed that it would 'spill over' into aggression for no reason.
- Laboratory - Lack of ecological validity
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