AHAD Lecture 2

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  • AHAD - Lecture 2 (Pigs)
    • Disease control
      • Good health
        • better feed conversion
        • profitable
        • improved growth rates
        • higher performance
        • better welfare
      • Diseased
        • poor welfare
        • poor public image
        • risks human health (increased risk of AMR)
        • not-profitable
        • poorer feed conversion
      • signs of health
        • good health
          • clear bright eyes
          • no discharge from all or any orifaces
          • curly tail / upright
          • no stiffness or lameness
          • alert and inquisitive behaviour
        • poor health
          • less active
          • isolated from other pigs
          • walking with back arched and tail drooped
          • raised temperature, potentially shivering, coughing etc
          • discharge, though they do get this when in oestrus and birth, so look out for colour and smell
    • weight
      • use of BCS to determine quality of animal
        • < 3 means underweight
        • > 3 means overweight
        • assess the backbone, shoulders and ribs, which if at 3, should be felt with gentle pressure
        • different animals need different BCSs, as those who are pregnant need to be slightly overconditioned as they will most likely loose it when they give birth
    • FCR = feed consumed / liveweight gained
    • epidemiology
      • the study of the occurance, determinants and distribution of health and disease in a defined population
      • pandemic = disease's growth is exponential and affects several countries and populations
      • endemic = disease that is present but limited to a particular region
      • epidemic = unexpected increase in no. of disease cases in a specific geographical area
      • analytical epidemiology studies the determinants of disease, these are the host, the environment and the agent
    • notifiable diseases
      • Foot and mouth disease (FMD), Bovine TB, swine fever,
    • muscular-skeletal issues -  lameness due to management and disease
      • very common for all ages
      • risk factors: flooring, housing stocking density, group size, growth rate, nutrition
      • list of diseases will be printed off
        • GI issues = infectious and management issues
          • needs good colostrum management, digestible creep feeds and reduced stressors
        • respiratory issues = management and infectious
          • bacterial, viral and parasitic, often secondary infections occur too
          • PRDC caused by mycoplasma hyponeumoniae mainly
    • bacterial arthiritis, caused by streptococcus suis (mainly)
      • can be reduced by iron intake, clean equiptment when tail and teeth clipping, creep temperature
    • GI issues = infectious and management issues
      • needs good colostrum management, digestible creep feeds and reduced stressors
    • respiratory issues = management and infectious
      • bacterial, viral and parasitic, often secondary infections occur too
      • PRDC caused by mycoplasma hyponeumoniae mainly
    • urogenital issues = management and viral
    • porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome = young dont eat, red skin, hard to breath rough coats, whereas gilts/sows return to oestrus, abort, mummified fetus
      • transmitted via replacements, vectors (flies, slurry) and areosol over short distances
        • via nose touching, semen, through pregnancy etc
          • need to be careful with replacements and biosecurity

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