AHAD Lecture 3
- Created by: Alyssa laird
- Created on: 14-05-24 10:42
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- AHAD - Lecture 3 (cows)
- calfhood disease
- pneumonia / respiratory diseases
- bovine respiratory disease (BRD) most prevalent
- common pathogens
- bacteria
- histophilus somni
- pasteurella multocida
- mannheimia haemolytica
- viruses
- infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- bovine respiratory synctical virus (bRSV)
- parainfluenza III virus
- bacteria
- clinical signs
- acute
- dull and depressed
- high temp above 39.5
- nasal discharge, coughing, difficulty breathing
- lose of body weight (due to not eating)
- chronic - much less noticable and can go unnoticed
- acute
- common pathogens
- bovine respiratory disease (BRD) most prevalent
- diarrhoea
- leads to dehydration, can do the skin pinch test, should go back to normal in < 2 seconds, any higher is signs of dehydration, and each interva is the severity. most accurate area to do this is the upper eyelid, but neck will also work
- how to treat dehydration? first if they can suckle than keep giving milk. if they cannot suckle but they can stand then an oesophageal feeder and if they cant do either then IV is needed
- some infectious diseases are e. coli (B), salmonella (V), cryptosporidium parvum (P), coccidiosis (P)
- leads to dehydration, can do the skin pinch test, should go back to normal in < 2 seconds, any higher is signs of dehydration, and each interva is the severity. most accurate area to do this is the upper eyelid, but neck will also work
- how to identify a sick calf?
- panting or laboured breathing
- demenour - alert or dull?
- discharge from any oriface?
- ears, are they pointing up or droopy
- evidence of diarrhoea
- are they recumbent (lying down) frequently, and maybe can't even get up
- what leads to disease?
- poor colostrum intake
- lack of ventilation and poor housing
- bad biosecurity
- pairing calves that are not in the same age group
- lack of 5 freedoms
- pneumonia / respiratory diseases
- prevention if disease: must focus on 2 things
- prevent pathogen spread
- better biosecurty
- 50% of deaths dueto poor hygeine
- isolate infected calves
- improve housing, this can be the stocking density within the house or the ventilation
- ammona buildup in dirty bedding which leads to irritation on the mucus membrane of lungs, increasing susceptibility to BRD
- better biosecurty
- immunity
- rapid colostrum intake, and ensure it is of good quality and sufficient quantity
- must also ensure low bacteria
- vaccinate where appropiate (some vaccines actually prevent detection later
- rapid colostrum intake, and ensure it is of good quality and sufficient quantity
- prevent pathogen spread
- identification
- ear tagging
- primary tag: yellow, big fitted ~36hrs after birth for dairy, and 20 days for beef
- secondary tag: either yellow or metal fitted ~20 days for both
- both places between 2 cartilage ribs in ear, if metal then on the proximal boarder in its middle third
- passports contain: ear tag number, date of birth, sex, breed, dam and sires ear tag number
- info kept by the british cattle movement service, and must be notified of any births, deaths or movements
- ear tagging
- castration
- open, done by vet only
- removal of testes, blood vessels tied, sometimes emasculator used
- closed, either by vet or trained professional (farmer)
- elastic band, 1st week of life
- bloodless castrator, crushes spermatic cord but all remains intact
- dont legally need pain relief, but most insurances and assurance schemes (red tractor) need it
- done to prevent breeding or alter dangerous behaviour of males
- legally no anaesthetic required unless > 2 months, though this too is changing
- open, done by vet only
- disbudding
- either caustic paste < 1 week old
- hot iron over local anaesthetic +/- sedation
- still not caught up legally on post-pain relief but most need it
- calfhood disease
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