AHAD Lecture 9

?
View mindmap
  • AHAD - Lecture 9 (cancer in feline and canine)
    • Canine
      • mast cells
        • part of the leukocyte cell family
        • effector leukocytes
          • created in a process called haematopoiesis - found in bone marrow
          • myeloid progenitor
            • granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes
      • mast cell tumours
        • some breeds have disposition for these, etiher incidences or site predilection
          • c-Kit mutation
            • surface receptor on mast cells, encodes tyrosine-kinase which can activate cell survival and proliferation signalling pathway
        • appearance
          • well-differentiated: tend to be solitary, rubbery (1-4cm), slow growing
          • intermediate: subcutaneous, soft/fleshy when palpated
          • poorly-differentiated: rapid growth, ulceration, may give rise to small satelite nodules
          • prognosis declines < --
        • prognosis factors: histological grade, clinical stage (0-4), location, clinical appearance, growth rate, breed,
        • Treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, other
          • surgery to alleviate symptoms, not always to cure
            • location of tumour important, may make surgery impossible (nose)
              • refer to margin (area around, which is not cancerous, but can also be removed to ensure all is taken away)
          • radiotherapy, damages DNA so cancer cells cannot replicate and die, though this effects normal cells, can be isolated to cancerous area
          • 2 types of chemo, cell cycling non-specific (disrupts double helix) and cell cycle specific which affects mitosis and interferes with spindle formation
    • Feline
      • feline lymphoma
        • originates from solid organs e.g lymph nodes, liver and spleen
        • linked to feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
          • vaccinate against this virus
            • can increases chances of feline lymphoma
          • transmitted via prolonged contact such as licking, biting, grooming and shared bowls
          • provirus, integrates with host DNA
            • can mutate oncegenes, leading to proliferation
        • can either sucumb to the illness, regress (cured but it can return) or latent infection, can either progress or regress
        • signs: anorexia, lethargy, polyuria / polydipsia
          • also check viral status, blood counts, clinical exams
        • common implications with this disease is anaemia, white blood cell abnormalities, platelet deficiency, increase in immunoglobulin (in blood)
        • treatments: ususally chemo. surgery and radiotherapy in some cases (like if only a couple lymphnodes infected)
          • chemo pros: treats disease, less side effects (i.e GI toxicity)
          • chemo cons: less responsive in cats, multi-drug resistance
    • metastasis - spread of cancer either locally or via the lymph and circulatory system

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Genetics resources »