AHAD Lecture 9
- Created by: Alyssa laird
- Created on: 19-05-24 12:38
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- AHAD - Lecture 9 (cancer in feline and canine)
- Canine
- mast cells
- part of the leukocyte cell family
- effector leukocytes
- created in a process called haematopoiesis - found in bone marrow
- myeloid progenitor
- granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes
- mast cell tumours
- some breeds have disposition for these, etiher incidences or site predilection
- c-Kit mutation
- surface receptor on mast cells, encodes tyrosine-kinase which can activate cell survival and proliferation signalling pathway
- c-Kit mutation
- appearance
- well-differentiated: tend to be solitary, rubbery (1-4cm), slow growing
- intermediate: subcutaneous, soft/fleshy when palpated
- poorly-differentiated: rapid growth, ulceration, may give rise to small satelite nodules
- prognosis declines < --
- prognosis factors: histological grade, clinical stage (0-4), location, clinical appearance, growth rate, breed,
- Treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, other
- surgery to alleviate symptoms, not always to cure
- location of tumour important, may make surgery impossible (nose)
- refer to margin (area around, which is not cancerous, but can also be removed to ensure all is taken away)
- location of tumour important, may make surgery impossible (nose)
- radiotherapy, damages DNA so cancer cells cannot replicate and die, though this effects normal cells, can be isolated to cancerous area
- 2 types of chemo, cell cycling non-specific (disrupts double helix) and cell cycle specific which affects mitosis and interferes with spindle formation
- surgery to alleviate symptoms, not always to cure
- some breeds have disposition for these, etiher incidences or site predilection
- mast cells
- Feline
- feline lymphoma
- originates from solid organs e.g lymph nodes, liver and spleen
- linked to feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
- vaccinate against this virus
- can increases chances of feline lymphoma
- transmitted via prolonged contact such as licking, biting, grooming and shared bowls
- provirus, integrates with host DNA
- can mutate oncegenes, leading to proliferation
- vaccinate against this virus
- can either sucumb to the illness, regress (cured but it can return) or latent infection, can either progress or regress
- signs: anorexia, lethargy, polyuria / polydipsia
- also check viral status, blood counts, clinical exams
- common implications with this disease is anaemia, white blood cell abnormalities, platelet deficiency, increase in immunoglobulin (in blood)
- treatments: ususally chemo. surgery and radiotherapy in some cases (like if only a couple lymphnodes infected)
- chemo pros: treats disease, less side effects (i.e GI toxicity)
- chemo cons: less responsive in cats, multi-drug resistance
- feline lymphoma
- metastasis - spread of cancer either locally or via the lymph and circulatory system
- Canine
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