Alexander II's Great Reforms
- Created by: xmeganbakerx
- Created on: 06-03-19 15:14
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- Alexander II's Great Reforms
- Emancipation
- Serfs were granted their own personal freedom over a period of two years.
- They possessed legal freedoms like owning land, marry without interference and use the law courts.
- Granted ownership of their houses and plots of land they used to work.
- Landlords owned the rest of land but some could be bought by peasants
- However, they could fix the prices.
- Government paid landowners bonds for what they had lost and made peasants pay 49 years worth of Redemption dues.
- Domestic serfs who hadn't worked on the land didn't receive any.
- Economic reforms
- Finances
- Von Reutern his chief economic advisor encouraged a 'free trade era' with tariffs removed and foreign investment. He established banking and government account mechanisms.
- Railways
- The initial focus on developing infrastructure 1861 - 1600km; 1878 - 22,000km.
- Metallurgy and cotton
- Metallurgy slumped without enough expertise; raw cotton increased tenfold.
- Coal and iron ore
- John Hughes - New Russia Company and the Noble Brothers brought expertise from Britain and capital from Germany but generally lacked foreign investment.
- Finances
- Government reform
- The removal of some power of the nobility meant Alexander had to make reform to restore order to local government.
- Zemstva (1864) elected assemblies to run specific areas for the tsar, couldn't discuss political matters only parochial.
- Duma (1870) similar assemblies for the cities.
- The electoral system was rigged so that only the richest peasants and nobility could vote.
- The removal of some power of the nobility meant Alexander had to make reform to restore order to local government.
- Judiciary
- Laws needed to be clearly established now that nobility lacked wielded power and corruption could be rooted out.
- They gave more money to magistrates to avoid bribery
- A jury system was established
- Legal proceedings were made uniform across the country.
- Political cases could be tried secretly.
- Laws needed to be clearly established now that nobility lacked wielded power and corruption could be rooted out.
- Army
- Crimea proved the need for training and education of soldiers.
- They now had six year service, which included education.
- Nobility were no longer able to escape duty.
- Crimea proved the need for training and education of soldiers.
- Education
- Education would improve people's skills in a range of ways and allow for economic modernisation Radicalism also needed to be rooted out through controlled education.
- Curriculum was under tight political control even though universities were allowed more autonomy in what they taught through the university statute.
- The result was the spread of western ideas.
- Emancipation
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