Anatomy and Principles of Exercise

Created by: LiamAllison
Created on: 13-05-15 13:43

View mindmap

Skeletal System
- Structure of a bone
  - Compact bone
    - main shaft of the bone
  - Spongy Bone
    - (cancellous bone) at the ends of the bone
  - Red marrow
    - Cavity
      - Production of RBC/ WBC
  - Periosteum
    - Covers the bone
  - Hyaline or articular cartilage
    - Prevent friction
- Bone classifications
  - Long bone
    - Movement
      - Femur
  - Short bone
    - Movement/ strength
      - metacarpals
  - Irregular bone
    - Protection
      - Sacrum
  - Flat Bone
    - Muscle attachment
      - Scapular
- Functions
  - Movement
  - Protection
  - Shape
  - Storage of minerals
  - Blood cell prouction
- Two Sections
  - Appendicular
    - 126 bones
    - Provides movement
  - Axial
    - 80 bones
    - Provides protection
- Cartilage (at the end of bones)
- Ligaments (bones attached to other bones)
  - Tendons (bones attach to muscle
- Anatomy and Principles of Training
  - Muscular system
    - 3 Types
      - Cardiac
        Volunatry
        Involuntary
    - Functions
      - Heat
      - Movement
      - Posture
      - Joint stability
    - Structure
      - Tendon
      - MY EXTRA FAT PENIS EJACTULATES
      - Muscle fibre
      - Epimysium
      - Facilies
      - Perimysium
      - Endomysium
    - Definitions
      - Agonist
        Working muscle
      - Antagonist
        Relaxing muscle
      - Fixator
        Fixes muscle in place
      - Synergist
        Assisstent
    - Muscle fibres
      - Type 1
        Slow oxidative fibres
        Red
        lots of mitochondria
        endurance type
      - Type IIb
        fast glycolytic fibres
        white
        low numbers of mitochondria
        Strength/ anaerobic type
      - Type IIa
        fast oxidative glycoltic fibres
        Pink
        more mitochondria than type IIb
        intermediate fibres assist type 1 and type IIb
    - Definitions
      - Concentric
        Shortens
      - Eccentric
        Lengthens
      - Isometric
        Same length
      - Isotonic
        Concentric + eccentric
  - Circulatory system
    - Structure
      - Top chambers: Atria
        supply blood
      - Bottom two chambers: ventricles
        pump blood
      - Veins
        carry deoxygenated blood
      - Artieries
        carry oxygenated blood
  - Respiratory system
    - Structure
      - Nose
        Pharynx
        Larynx
        Trachea
        Bronchus
        Bronchioles
        Alveoli
        Diaphragm
    - Gaseous Exchange
      - Diffusion
        exchange of gases (co2 and o2) within the lungs
      - Normal air
        78% Nitrogen
        
        21% Oxygen
        
        0.04% co2
  - Digestion
    - Food
      - Digestion
        Absorption into blood and transported
        Active cells
        Immediate usage
    - Carbohydrate
      - Glucose
        Stored as glycogen
        ATP
    - Fat
      - Fatty acids
        stored as adipose tissue
        ATP
    - Protein
      - Amino Acid
        Growth and repair of tissue (stored as food)
        ATP
  - Blood Pressure
    - Normal
      - 120/80
    - Pre hypertension
      - 120-139/ 80- 89
    - Stage 1 hypertension
      - 140- 159/ 90- 99
    - Stage 2 hypertension
      - +160/ 100
  - Nervous System
    - Structure
      - CNS
        PNS
        Somatic
        
        Autonomic
        Sympathetic
        Muscle contractions
        
        Parasympathetic
    - Neuron
      - 1. Dendrites
        2. Axon
        3. Myelin Sheath
        Untitled
- Joints
  - Saddle joint
  - Condyloid joint
  - Gliding joint
  - Ball and socket joint
  - Pivot joint
  - Hinge joint
- Movements
  - Flexion
  - Extension
  - Abduction
  - Adduction
  - Circumduction
  - Protraction
  - Elevation
  - Depression
  - Pronation
  - Supination
  - Dorsiflexion
  - Plantarflexion
  - Rotation
- Vertebral Colcumn
  - Cervicl curve
    - 7 bones
  - Thoracic Curve
    - 12 bones
  - Lumbar Curve
    - 5 bones
  - Sacral Curve
    - 4 bones
  - Functions
    - Support
      - Trunk and head
    - Protection
      - Spinal Cord
  - Intervertebral disc
    - Absorbs shock
  - Conditions
    - Lordosis
      - Curve of the lumbar
    - Kyphosis
      - Curve of the cervical
    - Scoliosis
      - Curve of spine side ways
- Bone growth
  - Need good supply of blood
    - bring nutrients and o2 and get rid of waste
  - Needs nerves
    - send information to brain about pain or damage
  - Bones at birth are mainly cartilage
    - As the skeleton matures, magnesium and calcium are deposited within cartilage by osteoblasts
      - Also know as OSSFICATION

Get Revising

Anatomy and Principles of Exercise

Comments

Similar Other resources: