Anthropology
- Created by: meganjayne15
- Created on: 28-04-14 11:49
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- Anthropology
- Things a skeleton can tell you!
- violent injuries
- knife wounds (bone marks)
- burned
- chemicals (etching)
- age (femur length)
- sex (pelvis)
- job
- diseases
- pathology
- broken bones
- nutrition in childhood - rickets - bowed legs
- teeth
- Vegetation grows around a dead body/skeleton
- Taphonomy
- The study of the conditions and processes by which organisms become fossilized. The conditions and processes of fossilization.
- post mortem fate of remains
- The study of human skeletal remains to determine sex, age, race and time of death in an effort to identify an individual
- Includes newer topics of facial recognition and age progession
- anthros is greek for "humankind or man" and logos means "the study of"
- Determination of Sex
- pelvis
- females have a wider subpubic angle, wider sciatic notch and broad pelvic inlet
- Cranium (skull)
- crests and ridges more pronounced in males
- chin more square in males
- mastoid process wide and robust in males
- forehead slopes more in males
- pelvis
- Determination of Race
- Cranium (skull)
- Three categories
- Mongoloid (all of Asian descent and native american descent)
- wider cheekbones, concave incisors and width between eyes greatest
- Negroid (everyone of African descent and West Indian descent)
- more prominent ridges, wider nasal opening
- Caucasian (all "white" individuals)
- narrow everything
- Mongoloid (all of Asian descent and native american descent)
- Three categories
- Cranium (skull)
- Determination of Age
- Ages 0-5: teeth are best - forensic odontology
- Odontology
- identification of bite marks on victims
- comparison of bite marks with teeth of a suspect
- identification of unknown bodies through dental records
- age estimations of skeletal remains
- victim identification through DNA analysis
- Odontology
- Ages 6-25: epiphyseal fusin which is fusion of bone ends to bone shaft
- Ages 24-40: very hard
- Ages 40+ periodontal disease, arthritis, breakdown of pelvis, occupational stress and unique clues
- Ages 0-5: teeth are best - forensic odontology
- Determination of Stature from Bones
- Long bone length (femur, tibia, humerus) is proportional to height
- racial background needs to be known before estimating the height of the individual
- calculation used: males (1.88 x femur length in inches) + 32.01 females: (1.945 x femur length in inches) + 28.70
- Facial reconstruction
- obtain skull
- add tissue depth markers
- begin to add common fat deposits and underlying muscles
- add muscle to average depth for race
- add skin, nose and ears
- add features related to age and race (wrinkles, eyes and hair colour)
- add clothing
- add features related to age and race (wrinkles, eyes and hair colour)
- add skin, nose and ears
- add muscle to average depth for race
- begin to add common fat deposits and underlying muscles
- add tissue depth markers
- obtain skull
- Fractures
- types of fractures
- transverse
- Spiral
- Greenstick
- open/compound
- Traction
- Greenstick
- Spiral
- Oblique
- Comminuted
- Impacted
- Closed/simple
- Compression
- Impacted
- Comminuted
- transverse
- types of fractures
- Things a skeleton can tell you!
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