Approaches in psychology
- Created by: ABCDEFILU
- Created on: 02-03-22 10:39
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- Approaches in Psychology
- Biological approach
- evaluation
- strength - real world applications - treating depression
- strength - scientific studies e.g. using fMRI and EEGs
- weakness - deterministic
- genetics as a base for behaviour
- like we inherit eye colour
- twin studies: look at concordance rate
- genotype = complete genetic makeup
- phenotype = way the gene is expressed
- influenced by environment
- natural selection - behaviour that helps survival is passed down through future generations
- evaluation
- Cognitive approach
- Schemas:
- pockets of info stored
- stereotypes
- mental framework + shortcut
- ^age = more detail
- Computer model
- input, storage, output
- Evaluation
- Strength - scientific and objective
- weakness - machine reductionism - ignores human free will and emotions
- strength - real world application - Artificial intelligence development
- Schemas:
- Social learning theory approach
- evaluation
- Strength - provides a comprehensive explanation
- weakness - over-reliance on lab studies
- weakness - underestimates biological factors
- Vicarious reinforcement
- observes behaviour of role model + sees consequence
- identification occurs
- observes behaviour of role model + sees consequence
- mediational processes
- 2. retention
- 3. motor reproduction
- 1. attention
- 4. motivation
- evaluation
- Behavioural approach
- Skinner - operant conditioning
- positive reinforcement
- rewarding behaviour
- negative reinforcement
- doing a behaviour to avoid something unpleasant
- punishment
- unpleasant consequence of behaviour
- positive reinforcement
- Pavlov - classical conditioning
- NS associated with UCS that produces UCR
- NS becomes conditioned + associated with CR
- NS associated with UCS that produces UCR
- evaluation
- strength - studies are replicable and objective
- weakness - ignores biological factors
- weakness - environmental determinism
- Skinner - operant conditioning
- Psychodynamic approach - Freud
- evaluation
- strength - uses childhood to explain behaviour
- weakness - based on case studies e.g. little Hans
- weakness - not falsifiable
- personality
- ego - reality principle
- ID - pleasure principle
- Superego - morality principle
- unconscious - repressed memories, personality big impact on behaviour
- psychosexual stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, genetal
- evaluation
- Humanistic approach
- evaluation
- strength - not reductionist
- strength - positive approach
- weakness -limited application
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- self-actualisation
- free will
- concept of self congruence to ideal self
- client centred therapy
- UPR
- evaluation
- Biological approach
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