The Army and Conquest during the Consulate and Empire
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- Created on: 05-03-18 19:47
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- Army and Conquest during the Consulate and Empire
- N needed military success to consolidate his Consulship.
- He crossed the Alps and defeated Austrians at Marengo in June 1800. His popularity increased but the Austrians were only willing to negotiate peace after another defeat at Bavaria in Dec.
- With the 2nd coalition destroyed EN was prepared to negotiate. The Peace of Amiens was agreed in Mar 02 but did not last. In the interim N failed to recapture the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue and sold Louisiana to the US.
- He crossed the Alps and defeated Austrians at Marengo in June 1800. His popularity increased but the Austrians were only willing to negotiate peace after another defeat at Bavaria in Dec.
- War of the 3rd Coalition (1803-06)
- War broke out in May and the coalition formed by 05.
- The Russian Tsar was angered by the shooting of the Duc d'Enghien and French actions in GE.
- Austrians were angered by French expansion in IT.
- N's plans to invade BR were destroyed by the defeat at Trafalgar in Oct 05.
- Nov-Jan N won a series of victories over the Austrians at Ulm in Oct 05 and the Austrians & Russians at Austerlitz in Dec 05. Russians retreated and Austria agreed a separate peace; giving FR control of Northern IT.
- War broke out in May and the coalition formed by 05.
- War of the 4th Coalition (1806-07)
- War with Prussia provoked by N's attempts to improve the continental system and their influence in GR.
- Prussia was defeated in battles of Jena and Auerstadt in Oct 06.
- N advanced through POL to attack RUS and won the battles of Eylau (Feb 07) and Friedland (June 07)
- The significance of Eylau with a great slaughter was that it showed RUS could withstand his attack. N was able to force Russia's tsar Alexander I and Prussia to negogiate the Treaty of Tilsit (Jul 07)
- Would eventually divide EU between French and Russian Empires.
- War with Prussia provoked by N's attempts to improve the continental system and their influence in GR.
- Reasons for Military Success by 08
- Napoleon
- Able.
- Inspired personal devotion, utilised Bulletins and Order of the Days.
- Organised armies to combine flexibility with command. (corps)
- Utilised new aggressive tactics such as deploying infantry in lines and making units on the march independent so they could live off the land and move quickly.
- Controlled everything, generals obeyed.
- Good decisions on the battlefield.
- Enemies
- Superior combined forces of the coalitions were hampered by their failure to co-ordinate. Separate aims.
- Arnies lacked good artillery and their tactics were old fashioned and static.
- Grand Armee
- Created by N between 01-05; building upon the mass conscript armies of the Rev.
- Size, morale, organisation, enthusiasm was superior to that of any of the enemies, officers were better (promotion by merit)
- Created by N between 01-05; building upon the mass conscript armies of the Rev.
- Napoleon
- N needed military success to consolidate his Consulship.
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