Biodiversity and Evolution
- Created by: alanahart
- Created on: 31-05-15 21:58
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- Biodiversity and Evolution
- Species: group of individual organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics, whose members are able to interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring.
- Habitat: Place where an organism lives.
- Biodiversity: variety of life. Range of organisms found.
- Species richness: number of species present in the area
- Species evenness: Measure of abundance of individuals in each species.
- Measured by Simpson's index of biodiversity.
- Classification: Process of sorting living things into groups. Natural classification groups according to how closely related they are. It reflects evolutionary relationships
- Taxonomy: study of principles of classification.
- Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
- Binomial System uses two names to identify individual. Fist name is genus and second is species.
- Dichotomous key: yes or no, follow and find specimen name according to properties
- Binomial System uses two names to identify individual. Fist name is genus and second is species.
- Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
- Phylogeny: Study of evolutionary relationships between organsims
- Recent Classifcation
- Cytochrome C and DNA
- Taxonomy: study of principles of classification.
- 5 kingdoms
- Prokaryotes: have no nucleus.
- Protoctists: All organisms that don't fit into other 4 kingdoms
- Fungi: organisms that are mostly saprophytic
- Plants: multicellular organisms gaining nutrition from photsynthesis
- Animals: heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes
- Variation: presence of variety between individuals
- Genetic variation: caused by differences in genes and combination of alleles
- Continuous variation: full range of intermediate phenotypes (height)
- Discontinuous variation: Discrete groups with no intermediates (blood groups)
- Adaptation : Feature that enhances survival
- Natural Selection: Selection by the environment of particular individuals with certain variations will survive and continue to reproduce
- Speciation: Formation of new species
- Selection Pressure: External pressure that drives evolution in certain direction.
- Conservation
- If not put in place can lead to extinction
- Ex-situ: Conserving an endangered species out of environment.
- In-situ: Minimise human impact on environment but protecting it. Keeping in normal environment
- International Co-operation
- CITES: convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- Environmental impact Assessment: Procedure to assess the likely significant effects that a proposed development may have on habitat
- Xerophytic plants: adapted to living in v. dry conditions
- Adaptation : Feature that enhances survival
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