Cabinet and Executive

Created by: jacksie
Created on: 11-05-21 19:38

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The executive and prime minister
- Layout
  - different models of government
    - prime ministerial
      - prime ministers office
        expanded under Blair
        
        administrative support
        shape policy
        
        press office
        
        political office
        keep MPs happy
    - cabinet
      - ministers
        departments
        arm-length bodies
        civil servants
      - cabinet office
        administrative support
        timetables agenda
        
        briefs ministers
        
        cross-departmental policies
      - committees and sub committees
        May introduced 5 main, and 10 sub
        housing, digital infrastructure
        implementation taskforces
    - core executive
      - emphasises the interdependency of government
        four resources
        institutional resources
        
        political resources
        
        constitutive resources
        
        personal resources
        
        may have access to a few but not all
      - ministers need the PM, and the PM needs the minister
  - prime ministerial
    - prime ministers office
      - expanded under Blair
      - administrative support
        shape policy
      - press office
      - political office
        keep MPs happy
- functions and powers
  - shape policy
    - campaign
      - manifesto
        primary legislation
        day-day management
        government departments
        civil servants outline options
        special advisors
        think tanks
        lobbyists
  - policy require authorisation
    - acts of parliament
      - standing order(14)
        programme motion
        time limit
        case of taxation
        1689 Bill of rights
        Finance bill
        chancellor outlines the budget
        2010
        budget deficit
        Osborne introduced austerity
        Finance (no.2)
        increased VAT
        cuts in government spending
    - secondary legislation
      - fill in gaps
        Higher Education Act 2004
        adjust tuition fees to inflation
      - statutory instruments
        negative and affirmative procedure
        rarely defeated
        skeleton bills
        bare bones filled with SIs
        childcare act 2016
        
        2020 Covid
        rule of 6
        half a day's debate
        Bingham Institute Rule of Law
        minsiterial decree
- collective responsibility
  - binding
    - that all decisons made by parliament are binding
      - supported by the cabinet
        robin cook
        resignation 2003
        did not support the Iraq war
        wrong to make a precedent for unilateral military action
    - BoJo
    - Iain Duncan Smith
  - secrecy
    - Cabinet discussions are important details must be kept secret
      - Gavin Williamson firing over 2018 NSC leaks
        highly sensitive nature
        Huaweii 5G network
        Telegraph announced details
        Williamson seen speaking to journalist
        
        last minister sacked over leaks
        Chancellor Hugh Dalton
        budget printed in News before his speech
        leaks are a regular occurrence
        government Sieve
        little regard for this convention
  - confidence vote
    - Margaret Thatcher
      - james Callaghan in 1979
        won by one vote
        Labour had a wafer thin majority of 3
        Poor economy
        stagnation
        Winter of discontent
        Early Day motion
        
        been through 3 leaders since 1974
- Individual ministerial responsibilty
  - policy failures
    - Dugdale
      - 1954
      - Critchel Down
        land taken from private owners to support the war effort
        monumental error in the redistribution
    - personal misconduct
      - Maria Meeks
        2014
        expenses
      - Nolan Committee 1995
        maintain seven characteristics
        selfness
        integrity
        objectivity
      - michael Fallon
        Attitudes towards women
        Liam Fox
        adam werrity
        defense meetings
  - mistakes within departments
    - Carrington
      - 1981
        Falklands war
        largest fleet assembled since WW2
    - blurred accountabilty
      - A-level scandal
        gavin Williamson 35% grades downgraded
        Ofqual
        non-ministerial departments
        Vernon Bogdanor
        emphasised as they answer to parliament and the courts
        not to minister
        
        more freedom
        
        alb
        
        Institute for Government
        Apprentieship, skills, chidren learnin act 2009
        must consider government policy
        
        created ofqual
  - political pressures
    - Chief Whip
      - andrew Mitchell
        2012
        policemen a pleb
- most power
  - not static
    - flows depending on resources leader
  - prime minsiter
    - powers of patronage
      - reshuffles
        May sackled seven of Cameron
      - political limtations
        Blair could not sack brown
        
        May
        Corbyn Night of the blunt Stilleto
        weak and unstable ledership
        Harold Macmillan
        
        Political parties are ideologically diverse
        has to represent different factions
        however PM can influence
        Cameron sacking of Clarke for Grayling
        most liberal for very conservative
        Grayling defend homophobic b-n-b on the basis of christianity
        
        May home Sec - 'you let them out'
      - constitutional limitations
        have to MPs rather than peers
    - sofa politics
    - development of televeision and media
  - personal mandate
    - spatial leadership
  - cabinet
    - Major undermined with leaks
      - Civil servant described May cabinet as a sieve
      - bastards
        Watchful of cabinet member sthan formal enemy
    - more assertive lords
    - weak majority
    - devolution
    - Untitled

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Cabinet and Executive

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