OCR Computing Chapter 3

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  • Ch. 3 Software
    • General
      • Programs or data used by the programs
      • Dedicated systems have a software chip, Multi purpose ones use secondary storage
      • Stored in RAM , written with a programming language
    • Basic Types
      • System - e.g. OS allows users to control hardware w/o writing programs
      • User-Interface lets the user give commands - user machine boundary. e.g. touch screens, GUI
    • Memory Management
      • Peripheral management keeps track of 2ndary storage
      • Virtual memory - system swaps in and out to save space
      • Fragmenta-tion dividing up files for storage
      • Multitasking - shifts attention between all processes
    • Files
      • File extensions tell you the type of file, jpg. doc, etc.
      • Files are stored in directiories (folders)
      • Attributes contain more info about a file - size, when it was created, backed up or not.
      • Directories can include sub-directories
    • Security
      • Viruses - self-replicating, find data, coontrol computers or damage files
      • Encryption - e.g. password storage. Unauthorised users can't understand them
      • Authentication: user ID & password
      • Priveleges: right assigned to different users
    • Programming Software
      • Editors e.g. notepad allow text files to be created, saved, edited & read. Useful for writing code
      • Linkers compile bits of code into one piece which can then be run
      • Interpreter convert typed commands into binary
    • Applications
      • Programs that users use to do real world jobs
      • Excel, Word, traffic light controls, autopilots, TrainLine, games
    • Utilities
      • Tools that make maintaining a system easier
      • Antivirus, auto-updates, defrag., firewalls
    • Specific Types
      • Custom Written - has all features, no adaptation, developer offers support. BUT not much testing, long time to develop, expensive
      • Off the Shelf - ready immediately, tested, cheap, forums to help users. BUT  won't have all features needed, must be customised, will need training on how to use it
      • Open Source - free, can be altered, reliable, BUT no help with issues, no updates, may be for 1 specific platform
      • Proprietary - help with issues, tested, regular updates, BUT expensive, inflexible, some deliberate incompatibilities so you buy more from that company

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