Chapter 4 Britain History Book

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  • Chapter 4
    • Class Division
      • The Aristocracy
        • compprised of the upper classes
      • Middle class
        • comprised of:
          • merhcants
          • manufactures
          • professionals
          • service providers
          • less prsperous smallholders
      • Lower Classes
        • Reffered to as the working class
        • made a living working in:
          • Craftsmen
          • factory operatives
          • miners
          • Agricultural workers
    • The Upper and Middle Classes
      • most money came from land rents
        • They were able to seek more money with minerals and iron ore on their land.
      • up until the 19th century these rents had maintained their superiority
      • allowed them the perpetuation of land-based politics.
      • Duiring the economic revolution, merchants had grown in wealth
        • Meaning they could challange the economic superiority of classes
      • In 1850 the middle class made up 1/5 of the population
      • There was broad spctrum of occupations
        • A lawyer earning £700 a year witrh a house in Liverpool
        • The higher of the middle class could afford a servant
          • In 1871, there were 1.4 million domestic servants
    • The Working Class
      • By 1850, approaximatelty 4/5 of the population earned a living through manual Labour.
      • Homogenity
        • the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind
      • There was a lack of homogenity in the working class.
      • Rural
        • Mainly poorly paid agricultutal labourers.
      • Urban
        • In the urban areas, there was more diversity of occupational activites.
    • Regional Division
      • Through the 19th century Britain was at the centre of  economy, social and politicsl stability.
      • Much of Wales had been rule since the13th century.
        • Until Entgland and Wales became united btween 1536 and 1543
      • The Acts of Union in 1707 and Ireland in 1800 confirmed Englan's strong posisiton.
        • Traditional languages of Scotland and Ireland were under threat by 1870
          • There was an attempt to anglicise the Scottish and irish
            • Through the 1832 Education Act
          • In the 1850s - Edinborough and Glasgow were :
            • They were the 3rd and 5th wealthiest  cities in Britan
      • There was also regional divides in Britsain
        • There was the industrial North
        • Agricultrual south
    • 1867 Relative size of each main class
      • High Upper
        • Annual Income
          • £5000 +
        • No. of People
          • 4,250
        • % of income earners
          • 0.3%
        • % of total income
          • 23.4%
      • Upper
        • Annual Income
          • £1000 - £5000
        • Number of People
          • 25,200
        • % of income
          • 0.3%
        • % share of income
          • 23.4%
      • Higher Middle
        • Annual Income
          • £300 - £1000
        • No. people in income group
          • 90,000
        • % of income earners
          • 0.9%
        • % share of total income
          • 11.2%
      • Middle MIddle
        • Annual Income
          • £100 - £300
        • No. of people in income group
          • 510,300
        • % of income earners
          • 5.2%
        • % share of income
          • 14.4%
      • Lower Middle Class
        • Annual Income
          • around £100
        • Number of people
          • 1,443,860
        • % of income
        • % share of income

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