Chemistry 1 a
- Created by: gemmathomason
- Created on: 21-03-16 13:48
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- Atoms and Elements
- The nucleus is in the middle of the atom. It is positively charged
- It contains protons and neutrons
- protons are positively charged
- Neutrons have no charge
- It contains protons and neutrons
- Electrons move around the nucleus. They are negatively charged.
- Electrons are tiny and cover a lot of space
- they occupy shells around the nucleus
- Electrons are tiny and cover a lot of space
- atoms have no overall charge
- there is always the same number of protons and electrons
- Electrons
- electrons always occupy shells (energy levels)
- the lowest energy levels are always filled first
- 1=2 2=8 3=8
- electrons are happier with a full outer shell and are then noble gasses in group 0
- In most atoms the outer shell is not full and this makes the atom want to react to fill it
- the lowest energy levels are always filled first
- electrons always occupy shells (energy levels)
- Electrons
- if electrons are added or removed the atom becomes charged and then an ion.
- there is always the same number of protons and electrons
- If a substance only contains one type of atom its called an element
- There is about 100 types of elements
- The Periodic Table
- similar properties form columns
- Vertical columns are called groups
- Groups have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
- Vertical columns are called groups
- find an element that doesn't balance and pencil in a number to try and sort it out.
- Getting metals from rocks
- metals can be extracted from its ore chemically by reduction using carbon
- oxygen is removed
- you can extract copper from a solution using a displacement reaction
- copper sulphate + iron - iron sulphate + copper
- you can extract copper from a solution using a displacement reaction
- oxygen is removed
- they can be extracted using electrolysis
- most metals need to be extracted from their ores using a chemical reaction.
- Electrolysis
- breaking down of a substance using electricity
- electrons are taken away by the positive anode and given away by the negative cathode as ions gain or lose electrons they become atoms or molecules and are released
- metals can be extracted from its ore chemically by reduction using carbon
- similar properties form columns
- Compounds
- when atoms join together to make compounds
- bonding is taking and sharing electrons
- a metal and a non metal consists of ions
- the metals lose electrons to form positive ions.
- the non metals gain electrons to for negative ions
- non-metals consist of molecules. each atom shares an electron with another atom this is a covalent bond
- the non metals gain electrons to for negative ions
- the opposite charges of the ions mean that they're strongly attached to each other. This is called Ionic bonding
- compounds can be small or giant lattices.
- The nucleus is in the middle of the atom. It is positively charged
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