Child development

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  • Child Development
    • Family and Child
      • Types of family.
        • Nuclear
          • Mother, Father and Children living in one household. (all biological)
        • Extended
          • Loads of family members living in one house or near by. (grandparent, aunts, parents, children.
        • One-parent
          • Only one parent, usually mother but can be father.
        • Reconstituted (step)
          • Parent, children and new parent (not biological father/mother)
        • Foster
          • Parent who looks after a child temporarily. (not their own child)
        • Adopted
          • Family formed through legal processes. (not a biological family)
        • Residential care
          • Chldren without families (unwillingly or unable or non existent) will live in a residential home. run by the Local Authority.
      • Types of relationships
        • Romantic
          • Combination between attraction, closeness, commitment. eg. boyfriend/girlfriend
        • Friends
          • People you meet and grow up with along the way. eg. Alice and Eden
        • Casual
          • People you meet everyday. eg. Teacher
        • Family
          • Biological, people you grow up with. eg. mum and dad
      • Childcare settings
        • Childminders
        • Day nurseries
        • Nanny
        • Workplace nursery
        • Playgroups/Pre-schools
        • Creches
          • Short-term temporary care. found in shopping centres.
        • Parent and toddler groups
        • Nursery and reception classes
        • Family member
    • Food and Health
      • Nutrients- the part of food used by our body.
        • Water to keep us hydrated. 70% of the body is made up of water.
        • Carbohydratestarches
          • The body's main source of energy.
            • Sugary foods- cakes, Biscuits, Chocolate and Soft drinks.
            • Starchy foods- Potatoes, Rice, Pasta and Bread.
        • Fat
          • Energy sourse, keeps us warm and provides some vitamins
            • Butter, Meat, Dairy products and Fried foods.
        • Protein
          • Growth and repair of the body.
            • Fish, Milk, Beans and Tofu.
        • Vitimans
          • Vitims A,D,E and K are fat-soluble.
          • Vitamins B and C are water-soluble.
            • These must be prepared and cooked carefully so vitamins do not dissolve.
        • Minerals
          • Calcium
            • Milk, Cheese. Makes strong bones and teeth.
          • Iron
            • Meat, Cereal. Makes red blood cells. (carries oxygen around body)
          • Floride
            • Water and toothpaste. Makes strong teeth enamel. (one of the four major tissues in the tooth)
    • Premature babies
      • Babies born before 37 weeks, thoses with low weight , need beathing support or suffering from a medical condition.
        • The length of a baby's stay depends on their needs.
      • Babies that need care in SCU are:
        • Weak immune system.
        • Small size and a low weight at birth.
        • Breathing probs due to undeveloped lungs.
        • Sealed eyes
    • Feeding
      • Bottle
        • Cows milk that has been diluted and added vitimins and minerals right for the baby
        • infant formula for first 4-6 months
          • Then move on to follow-on milk until 12months
            • Go on to ordinary cows milk
        • Advantages
          • Others can help, takes relief of off the mother always doing it.
          • The mother knows how much milk the baby has taken.
          • Useful if the mother has to go back to work.
        • Disadvantages
          • Does not contain antibodies (found in breast milk) so is not protected against infections.
          • Swallow more air so have to be winded more often.
          • There is a lot of preparation that needs to be made. (sterilising bottles, making feed)
      • Breast
        • Disadvantages
          • Mother may feel uncomfortable feeding in public.
          • Can be tiring for the mother as they want feeding more than bottle-fed babies.
          • Mother may find it harder to leave the baby. (to attend work)
        • Advantages
          • Helps the bonding between mother and baby.
          • Helps mother to lose weight she has put on during pregnancy.
          • Contains all the nutrients and antibodies needed for the babies start.
        • Recommended for the first 6 months of the baby's life.
    • Food hygiene
      • Personal
        • Wash hands thoroughly.
        • Cover cuts with water proof dressings.
      • kitchen
        • Empty waste bins and clean them frequently.
        • Use separate chopping boards for raw meat, vegetables.
    • Types of play
      • Physical play.
        • When a child is moving around using their large muscles.
      • Creative play.
        • A child using their imagination and different materials to make something original.
      • Discovery play.
        • This is them using their senses to find out how things are made/ work/ what can be used for.
      • Imaginative play.
        • Child pretending to be something or someone. Invent make belief  people or pets.
      • Manipulating play.
        • This is using the hands to built or put things together.
      • Social play.
        • This is about playing with others.

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