Coastal landforms
- Created by: EEC2145
- Created on: 08-02-23 15:59
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- Coastal landforms
- Processes
- Solution
- The chemical composition of the rock and the natural acidity of rain and the salt water erodes the rock, chemically breaking them down
- Abrasion
- Sediment carried is hurled against the cliffs by the waves and erodes the cliffs, and themselves in the process
- Attrition
- The sediment being carried crashes into each other, smoothing them down and making them smaller.
- Hydraulic action
- Water is forced into joints and cracks in the rocks resulting in them widening until the rock eventually breaks off
- Longshore drift
- When waves approach the beach at an angle sediment is moved in that direction with the swash of the wave
- The backwash is straight down the beach resulting in more movement when the next wave comes
- In this way sediment is slowly moved in the prevailing wind direction
- The backwash is straight down the beach resulting in more movement when the next wave comes
- When waves approach the beach at an angle sediment is moved in that direction with the swash of the wave
- Solution
- Landforms
- Depositional
- Spit
- Longshore drift moves sediment further than the coast and deposits it to form a spit
- Bar
- A spit that extends over a bay forming a lagoon behind it
- Bar
- A spit that extends over a bay forming a lagoon behind it
- Sand dunes
- Fine sediment is transported through aerial processes and then deposited at the back of the beach when winds drop
- Beaches
- Sediment is deposited in bays forming beaches
- Tombolo
- Can be formed multiple ways however more often than not due to a loss of energy meaning the sediment is deposited
- Delta
- Only found in low energy environments where the sediment is deposited forming a delta off the coastline
- Spit
- Erosional
- Geos
- If the blowhole becomes large enough that the unsupported rock cannot hold itself then it collapses forming a narrow gorge-like landform leading to where the blowhole used to be.
- Blowholes
- When the roof of a cave is eroded due to hydraulic action, there is a tunnel leading to a gap in the ceiling which water can fire out of, hence the name blowhole as it's like a whale
- Geos
- If the blowhole becomes large enough that the unsupported rock cannot hold itself then it collapses forming a narrow gorge-like landform leading to where the blowhole used to be.
- Shore platforms
- Erosional processes at the base of the cliff causes mass movement, rockfall, causing the cliff to "retreat" leaving behind a flat platform where the cliff used to be
- Caves, arches stacks stumps
- A fault or joint in the cliff face is exploited and widened until it extends into the cliff (cave)
- If erosional processes cause the cave to extend through to the other side of the cliff the an arch has been formed
- The arch is being eroded by weathering processes and coastal erosional ones too. When the weight of the unsupported area becomes too great it collapses resulting in a stack which is separate to the rest of the coastline.
- This stack is eroded further and its upper part may break off. When this happens, a smaller stack is formed called a stump
- The arch is being eroded by weathering processes and coastal erosional ones too. When the weight of the unsupported area becomes too great it collapses resulting in a stack which is separate to the rest of the coastline.
- If erosional processes cause the cave to extend through to the other side of the cliff the an arch has been formed
- A fault or joint in the cliff face is exploited and widened until it extends into the cliff (cave)
- Geos
- Depositional
- Processes
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