Chapter 28 Cold War and Consensus
- Created by: kkbonbon
- Created on: 19-03-18 00:08
View mindmap
- Cold War
- Legacies of the Second World War
- war has destroyed most of the continent
- more deaths than WWI
- many homeless and refugees
- Germany split up into four zones for each of the allies
- Nuremberg trials: sentenced 10 high-ranking Nazi officials
- The Peace Settlement and Cold War Origins
- political and ideological differences were the main reason why eastern and western Europe grew apart
- postponed post war discussions in order to keep the Allies together
- Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences
- Stalin wanted to establish a buffer zone between Russia and Germany
- West Versus East
- US said that it would help any country fighting for democracy
- Truman Doctrine
- Churchill said that an "iron curtain" has fallen over Europe
- Marshall Plan
- Berlin Blockade and Airlift
- NATO
- Warsaw Pact
- The Global Economy
- economies organized around free-market neoliberalism
- 1997-banking crisis in Thailand spread to rest of world
- EU (European Union)
- Maastrict Treaty
- Treaty of Lisbon
- Postwar Life in the East Bloc
- Cominform or Communist Information Bureau
- Stalin used the US as an excuse for a rigid dictatorship
- Josip Broz Tito
- new governments in the satellite states were similar to the Soviet Union
- communists gave priority to the military and heavy industry; paid less attention to consumer goods
- socialist planned economies led to production problems and shortages of daily neccities
- art and culture from the west cencored
- The 1960s East Bloc Countries
- new economic mechanism
- communist regimes slowly started to grant civil freedoms in the 60s
- Brezhnev Doctrine
- East Bloc countries lagged behind western countries
- Gorbachev's Reforms in the Soviet Union
- communist elite seemed safe from challenges
- Gorbachev realized that the Soviet Union couldn't keep up with the West
- Perestrokia
- Glasnost
- 1st year in office: attacked corruption
- brought reforms to foreign affairs
- The Revolutions of 1989
- Gorbachev's plans for reforming the Soviet Union led to revolutions in the East Bloc
- people living in the East Bloc gained political freedom after 40 years
- anti communist revolution spread throughout the East Bloc
- US has become the last standing world superpower
- The Collapse of Communism in the East Bloc
- East Bloc states did not fully recover from economic downfall of the 70s
- revolt seemed inevitbale
- Poland
- Hungary
- Berlin Wall came down in November 1989
- Romania
- The Velvet Revolution
- German Unification and the End of the Cold War
- Easter Germans wanted to find a "third way" between communism/ socialism and democracy/ capitalism
- Summer 1990- international aspect of German unification was successful
- Helmut Kohl created a 10-point plan for unifying Germany
- October 1990- East and West Germany unified under West Germany's laws
- The Paris Accord- a general peace treaty that ended WWII and the Cold War
- September 1991- Bush and Gorbachev cancelled around-the-clock bombers for nuclear missiles
- The Disintegration of the Soviet Union
- Lithuania- elected nationalist president who later declared them independent
- Gorbachev wanted to ratify a new constitution that would give the congress more power
- Yeltsin declared Russia independent after an anti communist revolution swept over the Soviet Union
- Commonwealth of the Indpendent States- loose confederation of former Soviet Union states
- Reshaping Russia and the Former East Bloc
- liberal democratic governments were established in former East Bloc countries
- Russia returned to authoritarian traditions in early 2000s
- Economic Shock Therapy in Russia
- Yeltsin- democratic president of Russia who wanted to prevent communism/ right economy
- thought shock therapy would revive economy
- Russian economy crashed again in 1998 (after Asia's financial crisis)
- Yeltsin became unpopular-- was only supported by Oligarchs
- De-colonization and the Global Cold War
- colonized people demanded self-determination, racial equality, and personal dignity
- some gained freedom peacefully and without bloodshed, but others were violent
- before 1939 Europeans saw themselves as superior but WWII showed them otherwise
- US and Soviet Union were promising different kinds of freedom
- Soviets and Chinese encourage communist revolutions in Asia
- nonalignment- policy of postcolonial governments to remain neutral in the Cold War and play the US and USSR for what they want
- The Struggle for Power in Asia
- first major fight for independence after WWII was in the Dutch Indies (Indonesia)
- French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
- India
- Muslims and Hindus in India (Pakistan)
- Chinese nationalism became developed under Marxist- Leninist ideology
- Independence in the Middle East
- French League of Nations in Syria and Lebanon collapsed during WWII
- Saudi Arabia and Transjordan gained independence from Britain
- Israel founded in 1948
- Nasser became president of Egypt in 1954
- De-colonization in Africa
- most of de-colonization below the Sahara went smoothly
- Apartheid- an exploitative system of racial segregation enforced by law
- Belgium gave up Congo
- Algeria gained independence from France
- Legacies of the Second World War
Comments
No comments have yet been made