Development
- Created by: ktmaria_x
- Created on: 09-04-18 10:45
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- Development
- Industry
- Primary-Extracting raw materials from the ground eg. mining/farming
- Secondary-manufacturing a product using raw materials eg.factory work
- Tertiary- providing services eg. teachers/police
- Quaternary-research and development eg science/medical/IT (high education and money needed
- LEDCS
- majority employed in primary
- India-50% in primary UK- 2% in primary
- MEDCS
- Majority in tertiary
- Kenya-30% in tertiary USA-70% in tertiary
- Factors affecting getting a job
- Qualifications, sex, competition, nationality, capability, age, experience
- Employment Structures
- LEDCS
- Early stages of development
- Poor, low standard of living
- Primarily primary industry
- Subsistence farming
- Sell raw materials like iron ore to MEDC’s but afford to buy anything in return
- NICS
- Continuing to develop
- New machinery= number of people needed on farms reduced
- People move to city for jobs in secondary industry
- Richer than before- health, transport and education= increase in tertiary industry jobs
- MEDCS
- More economically developed
- Many in tertiary
- Still secondary industries but need fewer workers because of new machinery
- Few in primary because they are rich enough to buy raw materials from other countries
- Helps conserve resources and protect the environment
- LEDCS
- Typical industrial areas
- Rundown. lack of services or investment,lots of pollution, derelict
- located in liverpool, south wales, sheffield, newcastle- ship bulding,coal and steel mining and enineering. Hardly any in south divide
- Rundown. lack of services or investment,lots of pollution, derelict
- Why do MNCs want to locate in LEDCs
- cheap labour-no minimum wage=more profit
- Cheaper materials and transport
- Host country government incentives
- Fewer environmental laws-cheaper to dispose of waste
- Fewer labour laws= more profit
- Advantages
- Brings work to country and uses local labour. More people have jobs= more money= better quality of life
- Improves education and technical skills of people. Opens up other career opportuities
- Brings investment and foreign currency= higher GDP= government have more money fro taxes to pay for services
- Country becomes less reliant on one industry or product for trade
- Disadvantages
- all managerial and well paid jobs located in headquarters in MEDCs. Factory managers usually from MNC country
- Money spent on communications for MNCs would be better spent on housing, sanitation and healthcare
- Pollution caused by cheap waste disposal
- Decisions made outside host country- MNC could pull out whenever and leave a negative mutiplier effect
- Local labour force paid poorly and work in poor conditions
- Mechanisation reduces siz e of workforce. Harder to get manual jobs
- Problems with using wealth to measure development
- easier to collect data from a rich country so poor country figures might be inaccurate
- Data is only an average and doesn't tell you anuthing about inequality
- Measures of Development
- Gross National Income per Capita (GNI)
- average income of each person in the country
- Corruption Perception Index- measures amount of perceived government corruption
- Gross National Product (GNP)
- the value of everything a country produces- not an accurate figure of someones wealth
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- based on life expectancy, education and standard of living. Includes social and economic measures
- Pros and Cons
- Birth Rate- indicator of social progress-most developed countries. However, birth rates can be changed by government policies
- Death Rate- shows how good healthcare is-indicates a good standard of living. However higher death rates can be expected a MEDCs have more older people because there is better healthcare
- Gross National Income per Capita (GNI)
- Factors affecting development
- Physical-climate, Economic-debt=not much money for developent
- Industry
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