Earthquake case studies

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  • Created by: EEC2145
  • Created on: 10-06-23 16:19
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  • Earthquake case studies
    • Haiti, 2010
      • Why live there
        • Was once a French colony
        • Used to make more profit, together with Jamaica than anywhere else on the planet
      • Impacts on country
        • Estimates of deaths and injuries were unreliable ranging from 46,000 to 300,000
        • % below the poverty line dropped from 50 to 80%
        • 300,000 houses collapsed because they were built with no foundations on steep slopes
        • 30,000 businesses, schools and other employers were wiped out
          • Worsens the unemployment figures
        • Thousands were seriously wounded reducing their ability to work
        • 21/22 government buildings collapsed
        • A cholera epidemic broke out
        • Small businesses and shops lost their stock
        • 1.5 million were displaced and forced to live in camps
      • Managing earthquakes
        • Mitigating vulnerability
          • Prior to the 2010 earthquake there was no monitoring
          • After the earthquake, the USGS has helped with awareness and monitoring
          • 15 seismic stations are now operating in Haiti
            • They are not earthquake resistant
            • Not manned 24/7
          • Hazard maps have been made
          • Was no earthquake resistant buildings, concrete was used as it is best against hurricanes
        • Mitigating against loss
          • Aid workers were sent in to Haiti
          • Haiti received very little amounts of the funding which was supposedly all meant to help Haiti
          • Red Cross workers tried to rebuild and repair houses
        • Overall
          • Haiti cannot successfully manage the effects of earthquakes
            • It remains one of the poorest countries in the world 10 years later
      • 7.0 magnitude
    • Japan, Tohoku 2011
      • Impacts
        • 16,000 fatalities, 6000 injured
          • 2/3 of victims were over 60
        • Billions of yen were put into the economy
        • Children separated from families, 100,000 affected
        • 90% deaths due to drowning from then tsunami
        • Fukushima nuclear power station decomissioned due to severe damage
          • Cooling systems disabled by seawater flooding, meltdown of reactor cores and release of radioactivity
          • Surrounding soils contaminated
          • Radioactivity seeped into the Pacific Ocean affecting fishing industry
        • Cost to rebuild nearly £181 billion
        • Mass graves to reduce spread of diseases
        • Stock market fell
        • 4.4 million households lost power
        • Transport hit badly, 23 train stations swept away
        • Farmland flooded and uncultivable
        • Some reconstruction took over 5 years
      • Mitigation
        • Original 12m tsunami barriers replaced by 18m ones
        • 1st September has earthquake and tsunami drill
        • Buildings with aseismic designs
          • Steel frames and braces
          • Shock absorbers
          • Soft storey
          • Fire proofing
        • An evacuation zone set up around the Fukoshima nuclear plant
        • Large numbers of rescue workers and 100,000 of the self-defence force were mobilised
        • Government set up a reconstruction design council who have a budget of over 23 trillion yen to rebuild houses
        • Well-rehearsed recovery and reconstruction plans
        • Research and monitoring
        • Land use zoning (space to assemble)
      • 9.0 magnitude
        • Over 5000 aftershocks
  • Political
  • Social
    • Economic
  • Environmental

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