Ethnic inequalities perspectives

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  • Created by: holly6901
  • Created on: 20-10-20 10:35
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  • Perspectives on ethnic inequality
    • Functionalism
      • Patterson: Host-immigrant model (1965), three causes of inequality - fear of cultural difference, resentment of competition and failure to assimilate.
        • Three stages of immigration - accommodation, integration and assimilation
    • Marxism
      • Castles and Kosack: Ethnic minorities are in low-paid work and are a reserve army of labour for capitalism. Capitalist societies went through boom and bust phases so needed cheap labour
      • Cox: Racism originated from capitalism to justify exploitation
      • Miles: Racism was developed from colonialism but was replaced by nationalism in a post-colonial era
    • Weberian theory
      • Weber: Ethnic groups are not only treated as class members, they are also status groups which are usually lower than white people so suffer status inequality and class inequality
      • Barron and Norris: Suggest white people are concentrated in higher-skilled and higher-paid jobs whereas ethnic minorities have lower-skilled and lower-paid jobs
      • Rex and Tomlinson: Ethnic minorities experience both class and status discrimination. This leads to poverty which is amplified by racism
    • Black feminism
      • Abbot et al: Said other forms of feminism have been ethnocentric, perpetuated a victim ideology and practised theoretical racism
      • Brewer: Sees black feminism as understanding how race, class and gender work together. Race reinforces and multiplies other inequalities
      • Mirza: Stereotypes in the media negatively affect many black women negatively
      • Connell: Links black feminism to post-colonial feminism and stresses the need for different types of feminism
    • New Right
      • Murray: black people are part of a dysfunctional underclass brought about by too generous welfare system and discouraged workmainly made up of never-married single mothers and young men who lacked fathers, therefore, positive role modelsconsequently, these men grow up dependent of benefits and turn to crime
      • Sewell: three reasons for ethnic inequality1. Lacking fathers so no one takes responsibility for racism 2. failure  to deal with institutional racism 3. Black rap promotes crime, sexuality, hyper-masculinity and materialism

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