Ethnicity & Crime Mindmap
- Created by: nelliott
- Created on: 31-01-22 14:13
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- Ethnicity & Crime
- Lea & Young
- Left realists
- Whilst there is some convincing evidence that black males in particular may experience discrimination in the CJS, there may also be higher rates of criminality amongst this group
- Anderson
- Argued that the police tended to assume white people were middle-class and trustworthy, whereas black people were lower-class and criminal
- This ‘colour-coding’ often worked to confuse race, age, class, and gender issues as well as ignoring individual behaviour
- Police officers would stop, harass, and abuse young black males on the street on a regular basis, though most had done nothing to deserve it
- Studied policing in a neighbourhood of Philadelphia
- Hall
- Considered the issue of policing and race relations in the two decades between the Scarman Report of 1982 and the McPherson repot of 1999
- Argues that these recommendations were only partially implemented and not fully supported by the government or police
- Welcomed the conclusion of the McPherson Report, regarding institutional racism in the Metropolitan Police Force
- · However, he concludes that until individuals are held accountable for their actions, not much will change
- Phillips & Bowling
- Argued that despite the McPherson Report, ethnic minority neighbourhoods were still over-policed with military style methods
- Smith & Grey
- Their report for Policy Studies Institute highlighted the explicit and accepted racist language of the officers they were observing
- Holdaway
- He discusses the ‘radicalisation’ of policing, arguing that routine and mundane police work can take on a radical ‘framing’
- This is through which people and events are seen in a way that prioritises race when it is not relevant or ignores race when it is
- Consequently, police officers may inadvertently act in racist ways without completely realising it
- Chan
- Argues that inappropriate use of discretion has led to the over and under policing of particular types of both offenders and victims
- Bhilox
- States that most policing is directed at the
excluded in society, who are often young, poor and black
- The police pursue policies of ‘differential
deployment’ (concentrating policing on areas where the targeted reside) and
‘methodological suspicion’ (routinely suspecting only a limited proportion of
the population)
- This can have a negative impact of ethnic minority communities, who may feel a sense of injustice which can lead to further conflict
- The police pursue policies of ‘differential
deployment’ (concentrating policing on areas where the targeted reside) and
‘methodological suspicion’ (routinely suspecting only a limited proportion of
the population)
- States that most policing is directed at the
excluded in society, who are often young, poor and black
- Scraton
- Sees the police as an occupying force imposed on working class and ethnic minority communities
- They impose law which reflects ruling class interests
- Black criminality is a ‘culture of resistance’, formed as a response to racism
- Lea & Young
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