Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
- Created by: natatalie
- Created on: 02-01-16 11:23
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- Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
- Minor Landforms
- Fumarole
- An opening near a volcano which hot sulphurous gases come out of
- May occur along tiny cracks or fissures
- Last for decades or centuries
- Solfatara
- A volcanic crater emitting sulphurous gases
- Very similar to fumaroles
- Have higher concentration of sulphur
- Pozzuoli, near Naples, Italy
- Boiling Mud
- Form when steam and gas rise to the surface under rainwater pools
- The acidic gases break down the rocks forming clay
- This produces a hot, muddy pool
- Boiling Mud pools near Rotorua, Ne Zealand
- Geysers
- Discharges of water from vents in the earths surface
- Caused by superheating of water in chambers beneath the ground surface, which pressurises, then explodes upwards
- Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park
- Fumarole
- Volcanoes
- Ash and Cinder (Cinder cone)
- Conical shape, steep sides
- Commonly found on the flanks of other volcanoes
- Nearly 100 on the flanks of Mauna Kea
- Created in layers of cinders and ash
- Paricutin, Mexico
- Destroyed town on San Juan
- Killed 3
- Shield
- Broad, low profile
- Height 1/20th of their width
- Basaltic lava
- Divergent boundary
- Mauna Loa, Hawaii
- Broad, low profile
- Composite (Stratovolcano)
- Tall cone shaped volcano
- Made up of layers of lava, ash, pumice and tephra
- Andesitic magma
- Plugs up the crater, makes it more explosive
- Mt. St. Helens, USA
- May 18th 1980
- Caldera
- Formed when the volcano collapses in on itself
- Andesitic magma
- Krakatoa
- Chaiten, Chile
- Crater lakes can form
- Fissure
- Occur at divergent boundaries
- Magma rises through the cracks
- Basaltic magma
- Holohraun, Iceland
- Acid/Dome
- Mount Pelee, Martnique
- Andesitic magma
- Formed by repeated violent eruptions
- Steep sided convex shape
- Ash and Cinder (Cinder cone)
- Minor Landforms
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