Factory Reform in the 1800s
- Created by: maelysmay
- Created on: 15-05-16 22:09
View mindmap
- Factory Reform in the 1800s
- Causes
- Individuals
- Brougham & Durham genuine Whig radicals
- Lord Ashley pushed 10 Hour Movement in Parliament
- Michael Sadler (Tory MP) moved by 10 Hour Movement and called a select committee to discuss it
- However he lost his seat in 1832
- Lord Althorp put through the 1833 Act
- Ten Hour Movement
- Richard Oastler and George Bull
- Richard Oastler's "Yorkshire Slavery" letter
- Began in 1830 when Pennines workers got into "short time committees" to collaborate w/ TUs for change. Used petitioning and mass meetings
- Changing attitudes
- After reform act people started to see change was inevitable
- Groups
- Whigs
- Some genuine radicals (Brougham, Durham) felt social responsibility
- Most wanted to preserve power
- Reluctant to enfranchise working class
- Utilitarians
- Jeremy Bentham
- Had commissions to investigate laws & conditions, & report back
- Exerted pressure to Whigs to improve poor law and municipal corporations
- Earl of Chadwick was utilitarian
- Humanitarians
- Wanted working condition improvements in mines & factories
- Wanted basic rights - 10hr days & better working conditions
- Sadler, Lord Ashley, Feargus O'Connor wanted to improve workers' dignity
- Cross-party issue
- Owen - conditions in New Lanark
- Evangelicals
- e.g. William Wilberforce
- Had a conscience in society
- Cross party support
- Why did Whigs listen?
- Weak gvt influenced by external groups? Or good listening?
- Indecisive?
- Whigs were members of these groups - within gvt opinions. Tories had these views in parliament
- Whigs wanted to benefit from the inevitable change
- Whigs
- Individuals
- Acts
- 1833
- Gave education grant £20,000, Children aged 9-13 9hr day, 48hr week no under 9s employable
- Inspectorate of factories w/ fining powers
- Only 4 for 4000 factories
- Left room for additional reform
- Driven by humanitarian ideals & 10hr movement
- 1844
- Tory gvt under Peel felt need to act if moral case was compelling
- Minimum age for emplyment - 8. U13s 6.5hr day, women max 12 hour day
- Dangerous machinery fenced
- Gave women more time at home
- 10 hour movement dissatisfied
- Parents lied about kids' age to get longer working hours, more pay
- 1847
- Growing commitment to societal wellbeing
- Women and children got 10 hour day (not men)
- Only applied to textile industry
- 1850
- Consideration of private lives of men and women
- Established uniform working day with break for meals and early end on Saturday
- Protected children from excessive work
- 1860
- Provided existing provisions to bleach and dye works
- 1864
- Applied existing provisions to other industries: pottery, matchmaking, paper and fustian cutting etc
- 1833
- Causes
Comments
No comments have yet been made