Geographical skills
- Created by: boy_repellent
- Created on: 14-04-14 15:03
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- Geographical skills
- Basics
- use labels to name a feature on photo
- annotate to describe or explain
- A sketch: a simple line drawing in a field, from a photo, or a map, can be labelled and annotated, should only be relevant to the question
- vertical aerial photography, satellite imagery, oblique aerial photography, ground level photography
- Cartographic skills
- Atlas Maps show distribution (distribution of vegetation etc)
- also contain maps which show:
- climate zones and global variations in precipitation and rainfall
- country boundaries (political maps)
- height and shape of the land (relief)
- population distribution (how people are spread within a region or country
- ways of describing a distribution, pattern or trend
- linear/dispersed
- spaced/clustered
- uneven/evenly
- scattered/irregular
- densely/sparsely
- also contain maps which show:
- Atlas Maps show distribution (distribution of vegetation etc)
- Sketch Maps
- Sketch maps can be drawn using info from a map, photo, or field and they:
- show where basic features are located
- often drawn from an aerial view
- black and white in exams
- have simple labels and annotations
- Sketch maps can be drawn using info from a map, photo, or field and they:
- Map symbols and direction
- use map symbols on OS maps and the 8 compass points
- Grid reference and distance
- you use grid references to locate features on a map
- write the distance ALONG before the distance UP
- distances from one point to another in a linear fashion are called straight line distances- sometimes called 'as the crow flies'
- distances which follow a curved pattern, usually along a river or road, are called winding distances
- you use grid references to locate features on a map
- Cross sections and relief
- a visual representation of the landscape from an OS map is called a cross section
- drawing a cross section:
- 1: place a ***** of paper along the given transect line
- 2: mark off the points where the major (brown) contour lines meet the transect line
- 3: mark the location of other features such as rivers, roads or high points
- 4: with the paper ***** lined up with x-axis, transfer the contour lines to the grid
- 5: mark off the height of each contour line using a neat cross. join up the crosses with a ruler and pencil
- 4: with the paper ***** lined up with x-axis, transfer the contour lines to the grid
- 3: mark the location of other features such as rivers, roads or high points
- 2: mark off the points where the major (brown) contour lines meet the transect line
- 1: place a ***** of paper along the given transect line
- drawing a cross section:
- closer the contours, the steeper the slope!
- different types of slope: concave (gradual-steep), convex (steep-gradual)
- a visual representation of the landscape from an OS map is called a cross section
- land use and settlement shapes
- On an OS map will find info about:
- land use (settlements and farmland)
- vegetation (woods and parklands)
- communication (roads and railways)
- vegetation (woods and parklands)
- land use (settlements and farmland)
- describing and identifying settlements:
- SITE- physical characteristics of the place
- SITUATION- location in relation to other place
- SHAPE- the way the settlement looks from an aerial view
- SAGA: Slope (gentle/steep), Aspect (NESW facing), Ground conditions (floodplain etc), Altitude (height above sea level)
- SITUATION- location in relation to other place
- SITE- physical characteristics of the place
- On an OS map will find info about:
- Physical & Human patterns
- physical features (rivers and coastlines and human features (settlements and roads)
- use maps, photos and sketches to describe an area
- describe the site of a settlement using a map
- a photo or sketch can provide more detail about the function of the settlement
- physical features (rivers and coastlines and human features (settlements and roads)
- Human activity on OS maps
- industrial (factories etc)
- residential (houses etc)
- rural (agriculture etc)
- tourism (leisure facilities etc)
- Geographical ivestigation
- Your geographical investigation or enquiry should follow a logical step-by-step process
- Step 1: identify the geographical questions/issue you are investigating and create sub-questions to help answer it
- Step 2: establish a sequence of investigation
- Step 3: extract info from a range of sources (drawings, photos etc). You will then need to present the info
- Step 4: Describe (label ant patterns/trends) analyse and interpret (explain) your evidence
- Step 5: Draw a conclusion and justify it using the evidence collected
- Step 6: evaluate the investigation (inclu. the methods used to collect the data, presentation, analysis of the evidence
- Step 5: Draw a conclusion and justify it using the evidence collected
- Step 4: Describe (label ant patterns/trends) analyse and interpret (explain) your evidence
- Step 3: extract info from a range of sources (drawings, photos etc). You will then need to present the info
- Step 2: establish a sequence of investigation
- Step 1: identify the geographical questions/issue you are investigating and create sub-questions to help answer it
- Using ICT: websties for research, software packages (GIS) to help write up an enquiry, Excel and Google maps to help present data
- Your geographical investigation or enquiry should follow a logical step-by-step process
- Basics
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