Population Case Studies

Created by: Rachelle
Created on: 21-04-13 03:15

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Population
- CHINA: One Child Policy
  - 1949: Baby Boom. (Marry later in life)
    - 1958-1961: Droughts + Floods (2m deaths, leader encourages to have many children --> second baby boom.
      - 1970: Above Replacement Level (Birth rate 5.8- above 2.1 needed for stable population.
        1979: Anti-Natalist Policy
        Family Planning advice + contraceptives freely available
        
        'One Child Certificate'
        
        Benefits
        Housing
        
        Childcare
        
        Cash Bonus
        
        Longer Maternity Leave
        
        Chance of promotion for gov. staff
        
        Penalties
        Gov. Staff Fired
        
        No basic rice allowance for extra kids.
        
        Gov.staff pensions revoked.
        
        Extra kids denied same quality healthcare + edu.
        
        Fines up to 4x family income.
  - Effective in cities, not in rural areas.
    - Farmers allowed second child if first was female to help with farming.
  - 4-2-1 Problem!
  - March 2011- considers relaxing policy
- FRANCE: Pro-Natalist Measures
  - Population growth due to immigrants from Southern Europe, French colonies in North Africa.
  - Large Family Card: families 3+ children
    - Reduction on train and subway fares
  - Paris Family Card
    - Kids free entrance to pools and subsidized entry to public sports facilities
  - Strategies
    - 16 weeks paid maternity leave for 1st, 26 weeks for 3rd.
    - Subsidized childcare facilities
    - System of creches for toddlers
    - 26 months off work shared by parents
    - Less tax for working moms.
    - Subsidized nursery for kids 3+ years.
    - Pre-school facilities for kids 2-3 yrs.
    - Bigger family = less tax
- JAPAN: Ageing PopulationCase Study
  - 1/3 population pensioners
    - Consumption tax raised by 5%
    - Retirement age to 70 yrs
  - Unstable social security system
  - By 2025, dependency ratio 2:3
  - Rehiring Programs
    - Companies move senior employees from regular long term employment to fixed, renewable contracts.
  - Year 2050, 40% will be 65+
  - Old people get more sick
    - Pressure on hosipitals
    - Lack of space in care home/ meals on wheels
    - Family members feel burden:4m elderly live alone
      - Stress on economic active people decrease work quality
  - Shortage of workers
    - Less tax payers
      - Less fund for public edu, health care, police

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Population Case Studies

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