Germany 1918 - 1945
- Created by: mrabomar
- Created on: 12-05-15 20:15
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- Germany 1918-1945
- Emerge from defeat after WW1
- german revolution Oct-nov 1918
- kiel mutiny
- soldiers and workers rebellions spreading
- german Kaiser had to abdicate
- exile in holland
- naval mutiny
- friedrich ebert assumed power
- social democrat
- largest party in reichstag
- won 1919 elections
- largest party in reichstag
- chancellor
- arranged Weimar constitution
- chancellor
- appoints team of ministers to form government
- requires majority support of
- reichstag
- german parliament
- veto power
- could be overruled by 2/3s Reichstag vote
- elected by all adults over 20 on system of proportional representation
- approximate percentage of votes meant number of seats
- considered fair
- disadvantages
- extremist parties got a place in the reichstag
- many parties were considered
- hard for any party to even get 50%
- all governments were coalition governments
- short life
- instability
- all governments were coalition governments
- hard for any party to even get 50%
- election almost every 18 months
- approximate percentage of votes meant number of seats
- maximum term
- 4 years
- makes laws
- controls budget
- members can be ministers
- reichstag
- reichsrat
- veto power
- could be overruled by 2/3s Reichstag vote
- representatives from 18 provinces
- advises laws to chancellor
- chancellor
- appoints team of ministers to form government
- requires majority support of
- reichstag
- german parliament
- elected by all adults over 20 on system of proportional representation
- approximate percentage of votes meant number of seats
- considered fair
- disadvantages
- extremist parties got a place in the reichstag
- many parties were considered
- hard for any party to even get 50%
- all governments were coalition governments
- short life
- instability
- all governments were coalition governments
- hard for any party to even get 50%
- election almost every 18 months
- approximate percentage of votes meant number of seats
- maximum term
- 4 years
- makes laws
- controls budget
- members can be ministers
- reichstag
- reichsrat
- representatives from 18 provinces
- advises laws to chancellor
- appoints and dismisses chancellor
- president
- elected every 7 years by all adults over 20
- appoints and dismisses senior officers
- article 48
- in times of emergency, president can disregard constitution and rule by decree
- president
- chancellor
- veto power
- appoints and dismisses chancellor
- president
- elected every 7 years by all adults over 20
- appoints and dismisses senior officers
- article 48
- in times of emergency, president can disregard constitution and rule by decree
- president
- chancellor
- social democrat
- social instability
- street violence
- political chaos
- spartacists
- communist
- wanted to overthrow government
- spartacist uprising 1919
- karl liebnecht
- leaders
- rosa luxemburg
- murdered
- due to army and freikorps
- seized headquarters
- failed because
- spartacists were divided as to which tactic to use
- delay
- immediate violence
- spartacists were divided as to which tactic to use
- due to army and freikorps
- leaders
- rosa luxemburg
- formed revolutionary committee
- seized newspaper offices
- general strike
- barricades
- armed street fighting against opponents
- failed because
- spartacists were divided as to which tactic to use
- delay
- immediate violence
- spartacists were divided as to which tactic to use
- significance
- weak government proved
- had to rely on freikorps
- led to other communist uprising in bavaria
- stopped by freikorps
- had to rely on freikorps
- stopped by freikorps
- communism remained a significant influence in Germany until early 1930s
- weak government proved
- karl liebnecht
- spartacist uprising 1919
- kiel mutiny
- german revolution Oct-nov 1918
- recovery
- gustav stresemann
- plan
- stop strike in ruhr
- rentenmark currency introduced
- reparations resumed
- dawes plan 1924
- USA loan of 800 million gold marks
- demanded loans back
- Germany had to pay back
- extremely high unemployment
- Germany had to pay back
- demanded loans back
- Germany's reparations were reduced to only what they could afford
- reichmark instead of rentenmark
- hyperinflation stopped
- industry expanded
- exports increased
- by 1928 industrial production increased more than it ever had
- USA loan of 800 million gold marks
- dawes plan 1924
- improved Germany's profile within international community
- joined league of nations 1926
- plan
- 1924-1929
- unemployment remained high
- family sector never recovered
- most economic revival was based on USA loans
- Wall street crash 1929
- great depression
- demanded loans back
- Germany had to pay back
- extremely high unemployment
- Germany had to pay back
- not many exports
- support for Nazis and communists
- 13% in 1928 grew to 52% in 1932
- it was clear thet the Weimar government could only succeed in good conditions
- demanded loans back
- great depression
- Wall street crash 1929
- Locarno treaties
- placed Germany on equal level as other signatories
- guaranteeing frontiers for Britain, france, and Germany and belgium
- placed Germany on equal level as other signatories
- young plan
- reduced reparations to 2 billion GBP
- cultural
- art
- key features
- expressionism
- rejection of traditional forms
- critical interpretations of new political and social order
- key features
- films
- music
- not popular with right wing
- dance halls
- cafes
- books
- films
- many artists fired and sent abroad
- not popular with right wing
- books
- night clubs
- not popular with right wing
- dance halls
- cafes
- many artists fired and sent abroad
- not popular with right wing
- restaurants
- art
- gustav stresemann
- Nazis
- Third Reich
- Nazi regime 1933-1945
- establishment of Nazi party
- german workers party by anton drexler
- hitler joined
- publicity
- propaganda
- replaced drexler
- founded SA
- failed to seize power in beer hall in munich putsch
- 25 point plan
- greater germany
- austria
- czechoslovakia
- poland
- destroy treaty of Versailles and saint germain
- additional territory for food supplies and surplus population
- german citizenship only for true germans not jews
- no immigrants
- all citizens are equal
- nationalization of public industry
- profit-sharing in heavy industries
- improved welfare provision for elderly
- special state provision for gifted children
- encouragement of physical activites for young people
- strong central government
- greater germany
- hitler joined
- german workers party by anton drexler
- nazi opposition
- trade unions
- banned 1933, but some activists with left wing groups continued work in secret and planned illegal strikes and revolutions
- youth
- edelweiss pirates and navajos gave refuge to anti-nazi teenagers, and graffitied walls. also white rose, group of university students
- army
- general beck planned to overthrow hitler, impeded by bloodless takeover of czechoslovakia
- after stalingrad, senior army officers planned to assassinate hitler. bomb plot 1944 failed
- 5k executed
- churches
- churchmen from both, roman catholic and protestant churches spoke out against nazi regime
- euthanasia was stopped due to a bishop's speech against it
- pastor niemoller made a protestant church and spent 8 years in a concentration camp
- left wing
- communists and social democrats were secretly against nazis
- trade unions
- Third Reich
- Emerge from defeat after WW1
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