Global Migration 2. Why has migration become increasingly complex?
- Created by: DanBish
- Created on: 06-05-22 00:33
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- Why has migration become increasingly complex?
- Global migration
patterns are
influenced by a
multitude of interrelated factors
- High concentration of young workers and female migrants
- In many places, female migrants outweigh males, as greater importance of women as income earners
- Economic pull factors are the main reason for young workers migrating
- Flows in South-South corridors are now equal in magnitude to those in
South-North corridors
- Restrictive barriers for migrants from South entering North
- Increasing employment in South
- Improved commu-nications across South increases awareness of opportunities
- Increased number of refugees fleeing conflict in the South
- Expensive moving to distant, rich countries
- Conflict and persecution have increased numbers of refugees
- Worldwide refugees increased from 15.7million in 2012 o 19.5 million in 2014
- Syria has overtaken Afghanistan in total number of refugees
- Changes in national immigration and emigration policies
- Migration policies are designed to meet the economic, social + political needs of a country
- Policies may be points-based, to favour shortages in the labour market, or actively encourage emigration to capitalise on migrant remittances
- Development of distinct corridors of bi-lateral flows.
- Bilateral migration is the migrant flow between two countries
- Explanations of these corridors include: Language; Costs of travel; ease of access + commu-nication; efficiency of sending remittances, wage differentials, established diaspora networks; migration policies
- High concentration of young workers and female migrants
- Corridors of
migrant flows create
inter-dependence
between countries - EDC Study - Brazil
- Current patterns of immigration and emigration
- Net migration loss of 0.5 million/yr
- Slowing of migration of lower skilled migrants to the USA
- Influx of migrants from Haiti and African countries
- Rise in international labour migrants (due to the construction industry during 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics)
- Changes in immigration and emigration over time
- Late 19thC Europeans and Japanese to Brazil for agriculture
- Immigration into Brazil slowed over last 15 years
- Emigration has increased
- Economic, political, social and environmental inter-dependence with
countries connected to the EDC by migrant flows
- Bilateral relationship; Former colony of Portugal; Economic migrants use Portugal as gateway to EU; Shared language, ancestry + family ties; Social diaspora networks in both countries; Migrant remittances important
- Humanitarian relationship developed with Brazil makes obtaining VISA easy; Migrants fleeing natural disaster benefit from this; Many move to join friends and relatives in ES Brazil; Most end up in low skilled jobs in agriculture or factories
- Thousands of low-skilled migrants working in USA; Migrant remittances; Returning migrants bring skills and knowledge; High skilled workers find opportunities in USA; Strong links in education and teacher training; Political agreements; USAID provides environmental project support
- The impact of migration on the EDCs economic development, political
stability and social equality
- Economic development - Gaps in labour market reduced by arrival of professionals; growth of agriculture as immigration from Japan, Portugal, Germany
- Political stability - Promoted through membership to Mercosur; Important receiver of regugees
- Social equality - Poverty concentrated in rural areas; Prejudice in labour market
- Current patterns of immigration and emigration
- Global migration
patterns are
influenced by a
multitude of interrelated factors
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