Hard Engineering Schemes

?
View mindmap
  • Hard Engineering Schemes
    • Water Transfer - South-North, China
      • this project aims to deliver 25 billion m3 of freshwater to the North of China through a central and eastern route - western route is in planning
        • 2/3 of the farmland are in the North and 80% of water is south - ensure agriculture and water security for both
      • costs
        • economic - $80billion - before maintenance costs and water prices are considered
        • social - 300,000 displaced for the construction of the central route
        • environmental - North has limited water due to pollution, inefficient agriculture and poorly managed use for industry
          • removing water from the Yangtze may reduce discharge
    • Mega Dams - Three Gorges Dam, China
      • costs
        • 632km2 of land was flooded inc 1500 villages and towns to form the reservoir behind the dam
        • 1.3 million residents were relocated and history was lost
        • water quality is poor as surface runoff allows industrial waste, sewage and agricultural chemical runoff to enter the river
        • ecosystems were flooded and destroyed, leaving animals without a habitat - vegetation decay led to the release of methane
      • benefits
    • Desalination Plants, Israel
      • Mediterranean Sea is their source of water - 2013, they had 5 functioning desalination plants, by 2020 they plan to supply 70% of water from them
      • benefits
        • reliable and predictable supply of water
        • produce up to 600 tonnes of clean drinking water an hour
      • costs
        • energy exhaustive - needs its own power station
          • brine is a byproduct and is damaging to the environment

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Water Cycle and Insecurity resources »