Foreign Policy - Henry VIII
- Created by: Hol19
- Created on: 11-04-16 11:33
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- Henry VIII Foreign policy
- 1940 - 1947
- France
- Matters got worse for Henry in 1545 - Francis sent troops to Scotland for an invasion, English defeat at Ancrum Moor and Henry's flagship sunk
- Henry set off at the head of the army but were restricted in the vicinity of Calais.
- By this time the emperor had enough and made separate peace with Francis.
- The French never recovered Boulogne and the invasion on England never materialized. They agreed peace in 1546
- To facilitate French invasion Henry set up an alliance with the emperor
- Scotland
- rough wooing - Henry tried to secure a marriage between Mary and Edward (his son).
- All seemed to go well but there was widespread suspicion of English intentions so the Scots refused to allow Mary to live in England.
- The treaty of Greenwich - says that the children were formally betrothed but the Scottish parliament refused to ratify the treaty.
- Because of this Henry demanded that raids should be carried out on Edinburgh, St Andrews and Leith
- The treaty of Greenwich - says that the children were formally betrothed but the Scottish parliament refused to ratify the treaty.
- All seemed to go well but there was widespread suspicion of English intentions so the Scots refused to allow Mary to live in England.
- Henry was more interested in the invasion of France so he looked for diplomatic pressure as a means of securing his Scottish objectives
- James V died shortly after the defeat leaving Mary as an heir.
- Henry failed in foreign policy in Scotland as he did not take the opportunity to seize power when he had it,and his ordering of raids as retaliation.
- England's invasion of Scotland in 1542 was success. The Scots were forced by demands they could not meet and as a result were defeated in the battle of Solway Moss.
- rough wooing - Henry tried to secure a marriage between Mary and Edward (his son).
- France
- 1509 - 1514
- In 1512 Henry sent an army of 10,000 men to France - however nothing was achieved and was used by Ferdinand of Aragon as a diversion tactic
- Nothing was gained from Henry's military roles. He had to liquidate assets and the renegotiated French pension was lost.
- The battle of spurs 1513 - Henry ;led another invasion on France. This was successful in capturing towns of Therouanne and Tournai.
- The renewal of the treaty of Etaples in 1510
- Battle of Flodden September 1513 - was an Anglo- Scottish conflict. James himself was killed in the battle.
- The creation of the Holy league - which joined England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and Venice in an anti French alliance
- 1527 - 1540
- in 1532 Henry tried to shore up his position by making a fragile alliance with France so together they could put pressure on the emperor
- Wolsey tried to pressurise the pope with a trade embargo with the Burgundian lands but Charles retaliation created widespread unemployment and social problems.
- This was exemplified by the battle of Landriano in 1529
- In the circumstances Henry had to break with Rome to solve his great matter - This horrified catholic powers but there were no repercussions.
- Henry tried to reinforce his position by creating the league of Schmalkalden which founded amid mutual; distrust
- Forced by their weak position, they had tp make an anti - imperial alliance with France at the treaty of Amiens in 1527
- Henry's pressure was reduced in 1536 - the death of Catherine and the execution of Anne, the renewal of fighting between Francis and the ,emperor
- The failure of the great matter left England still weak.
- Henry;'s position weakened again in 1538 as Charles and Francis buried their differences in the treaty of Nice.
- creation of the six Articles Act 1539 which was intended to reassure catholic opinion in England.
- For the first part of his reign, Henry had no concerns with Ireland. However after the revival of the Geraldine Butler feud, the relationship broke down.
- Henry found Ireland difficult to govern with kildare. However his dismissal in1534 led to major rebellion - suppressed with great difficulty and expense.
- Ireland became an increasing drain on the crown's resources. The situation was made worse by resentment among the Gaelic lords as they tried to pacify Ireland by establishing it into a separate kingdom.
- Henry found Ireland difficult to govern with kildare. However his dismissal in1534 led to major rebellion - suppressed with great difficulty and expense.
- 1514 - 1526
- Friendship between France and England continued
- England agreed to return Tournai
- French once again agreed to pay England a pension to compensate for it's loss.
- Wolsey successfully ended England's isolation with the treaty of London 1518
- This treaty had origins of peace negotiations and finally became a treaty of perpetual peace between England, France , Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
- 'non aggression pact'
- This treaty had origins of peace negotiations and finally became a treaty of perpetual peace between England, France , Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
- England remained a minor power and couldn't compete with the main powers. France and Scotland still had a strong alliance and Henry strongly overestimated English power.
- After the death of Louis, the throne was left to Francis. who was a political rival.
- Henry tried to see an alliance with Ferdinand but after his death in 1916, Spain sought an alliance with France.
- The following year the treaty of Cambrai was achieved with the French leaving England isolated.
- Henry tried to see an alliance with Ferdinand but after his death in 1916, Spain sought an alliance with France.
- By 1514 Henry had run out of money. He sought peace with France by marrying his younger sister Mary to the king and was unable to exploit the weakness of Scotland
- Field of the cloth of Gold 1520 - between Henry and Francis. It cost around £15,000 but the event lost attraction when Henry was beaten by Francis in a wrestling match.
- Battle of Pavia 1525 - suggested to Charles they launch a joint attack on France to achieve territorial gains. However it had lack of support.
- Untitled
- Friendship between France and England continued
- 1940 - 1947
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