History + Approaches
- Created by: jadeoliveira
- Created on: 03-04-15 20:56
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- History + Approaches
- Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- Has ancient Greek roots: Hippocrates (thought mind/soul was in the brain, mind-body dualism), Plato (mind-body dualism, used self-exam. to conclude who we are/what we know are innate), Aristotle (monism, observation, who we are what we know are acquired from experience)
- Wilhelm Wundt: founder of scientific psych
- focused on structure of mind, used introspection,called structuralism
- G. Stanley Hall - founded APA, first President of APA
- Edward Titchener - studied consciousness
- Margaret Floy Washburn - first woman to have a PhD in Psych
- focused on structure of mind, used introspection,called structuralism
- Functionalism focuses on explaining behavior, how an organism uses its abilities to adapt to its environment
- William James - founder of functionalism
- Behavioral Approach: behavioral reactions to stimuli, experience ?? learning
- Ivan Pavlov (father of classical conditioning)
- John Watson (classical aversive conditioning)
- B.F. Skinner (father of operant conditioning)
- Psychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic Approach: unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives influencing behavior
- Sigmund Freud (father of psychoanalysis)
- Jung, Adler, Horney (psychodynamic psychologists, neo-Freudians)
- Sigmund Freud (father of psychoanalysis)
- Humanistic Approach: concerned w/ individual potential for growth
- Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
- Biological Approach: physiological + biochemical factors ?? behavior + mental processes
- Cognitive Approach: how we receive, store + process information, think/reason, and use language
- Jean Piaget (studied cognitive dev in children)
- Evolutionary approach: how natural selection favored behaviors that contributed to survival + spread genes impact behavior, Darwinian approach
- Sociocultural approach: how cultural differences affect behavior
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