How and why did Alexander II become more reactionary before 1881?
- Created by: lyd_kate
- Created on: 28-09-17 13:30
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- How and why did Alexander II become more reactionary before 1881?
- Education
- Tolstoy was employed to control education to stop spread of Western ideals. Orthodox.
- Zemstva's power reduced. Church pushed to a prominent position
- 1871 - only gymnazii (traditional) could go to university. Focus on Maths and Latin, Rather than Science, Lit and History
- 1873, Minister of Internal Affairs banned certain topics from discussion, no extra cirricular
- The reason for reaction
- 1866, assassination attempted by noble Russian student.
- Nobles and Church insisted reforms had gone too far
- Russia needed to be purged of foreign influences
- The police and the law courts
- Shuvalov worked to step up activity of third section, to root out subversion.
- Could be called back from Switzerland.
- Pahlen made example of those accused of political agitation
- Show trial of 193 backfired, as juries were sympathetic so 153 were acquitted, others had light punishments
- 1878 - political crimes moved to military
- Cases could be heard in secret
- 1878 - political crimes moved to military
- Shuvalov worked to step up activity of third section, to root out subversion.
- Attitude to ethnic minorities
- Rebellion in Poland in 1863 had to be clamped down by military in 1864
- 1866 Unofficial policy of Russification to Poles, Finns and Jews - removal of culture for less rebellion
- Led to growth of discontented intellectuals
- Attempts to reduce revolutionary action
- 1877-8 Russian-Turkish War. 1879-80 Famine. More attempts on Tsar's life
- Tsar hired General Loris Melikov to stop activity
- Suggested release of political prisoners, lowering censorship, removing third section
- 1880 Commission for extension of government
- zemstva, town government and nobility would have a say in state decrees
- Assassinated same day as signed, was prepared to accept
- Education
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