How did the political environment change, 1917-33?

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  • Created by: EliseJ
  • Created on: 14-03-18 10:30
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  • How did the political environment change, 1917-33?
    • ww1 impact
      • President Woodrow Wilson 1917 -21
      • Woodrow unpopular choice
      • war boosted economy but many felt was mistake due to feeling of isolationism
    • Return to 'normalcy'
      • President Harding 1921-23
      • Harding believed US needed return to normalcy  - returning to period econotime similar before war - ww1 bought mic depression
        • Unemployment rose 950,000 - 1919 to 5,010,000 in 1921
      • Harding believed US balance out books
        • Reduce taxation + introduce tariffs protecting US trade & industry
    • How did the Presidency change? (post ww1)
      • Woodrow Wilson only 2nd democrat President since Civil War
        • Americans quickly believed he had power to make decisions in govt
      • Wilson took America into War - even tho campaigned to keep out - didn't consult Congress promoting League of Nations
      • For many politicians - unwelcomed change - came close to breaking separation of powers principles
    • The appeal of Republicanism
      • Harding = 'less govt in business & more business in govt'
      • Laissez-faire - people wanted govt not controlling economy - Republican not willing to control wages, working hours or prices
      • Harding didn't draft laws/ try drag US into international policies
      • Democrats not decide on candidate - Calvin Coolidge (Republican) combined laissez-faire + dignity restore American faith
      • Coolidge's Presidency - USA entered period of recovery + economic prosperity
        • Policies flawed - Herbert Hoover had to deal with growing economic + social problems
    • Decline of Republicanism
      • After Wall Street Crash - only major legislation Hoover passed = Federal Farm Board - helped farmers sell goods
      • Hoover realised laissez-faire wasn't working - relied on big business setting up charities to offer help
      • Hoover believed govts job = encouragement to help each other out
      • 1930 - set up President's Emergency Committee for Employment - temporary to find work for unemployed
      • Hoover tried to put more federal measures - rejected by Congress - laws managed to pass out govt in more debt
    • A changing mood
      • Since 1921 - Republicans majority in both houses Congress - failed to solve problems of depression = people move to Democrat
      • 1931 - Democrat majority House Representatives - gaining seats Senate
      • Hoover becoming unpopular w/ American population + some Republicans
        • Bcos Hoover going against policy rugged individualism end of depression
      • 1932 election - Franklin Roosevelt offered 'new deal' + new attitude to govt
        • Roosevelt = great communicator + effective governor of NYC
        • Hoover only won 6 states - 40 million voted largest number ever recorded
      • W/Roosevelt as President - Republican party unraveled further
        • Republicans busy contesing Roosevelt legislation = couldn't plan own policies
          • 1936 elections - Republicans won 2 states

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