Individual Differences, Sports Psychology.
- Created by: ellaosullivan
- Created on: 11-09-17 15:30
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- Individual differences
- Anxiety
- "The feeling of apprehension when faced with a stimulus perceived to be threatening"
- State
- How you react to a specific stressful situation
- Temporary
- Trait
- How you react to stress
- Cognitive
- The psychologicaleffects of anxiety
- Loss of concentration
- Negative thoughts
- Confusion
- The psychologicaleffects of anxiety
- Somatic
- The Physiological effects of anxiety
- Headache
- Muscle tension
- Increased heart rate
- The Physiological effects of anxiety
- Aggression
- "form of behaviour directed towards the gain if harming or injuring another living outside the rules of the sport"
- The instinct theory
- Disadvantages
- Human aggression is often learned
- Early humans were not warrior, but hunter gatherers
- Aggression is not purely spontaneous
- Human instinct to be aggressive and to protect ones habitat.
- Disadvantages
- Frustration - Agression hypothesis
- Frustration always leads to aggression
- Disadvantages
- No evidence that frustration always causes aggression, or that aggression always comes from frustration.
- Aggressive cue hypothesis
- Increased arousal and frustration = readiness of aggression. Certain stimuli must be present for the player to respond aggressively.
- Social learning theory Bandura
- We learn by copying the behaviour of significant others
- Social facilitation
- Social inhibition
- The negative influence of others, who may be watching or competing, leading to a decrease in sports performance
- Social Facilitation
- The positive influence of others on sports performance
- What affects performance
- Home/away games
- Teams tend to win more at home than away.
- Because there is more positive support from home
- Teams tend to win more at home than away.
- Personality
- Type A high anxiety individuals
- Perform worse inhibition
- Introverts
- Perform worse inhibition
- Type B individuals Low anxiety
- Introverts
- Extrovert
- Perform better Facilitation
- Type B individuals Low anxiety
- Perform better Facilitation
- Type A high anxiety individuals
- Level of experience
- Associative
- Cognitive
- Social inhibition, arousal lessens the focus that beginners need to complete skill
- Autonomous
- If something bad has happened before they may be more nervous
- Performing infant of someone really good may increase anxiety
- Skill type
- Complex
- Social inhibition, complex skills need more attention
- Simple
- Social facilitation, require les attention
- Fine
- Social inhibition, because fine skulls need more perception
- Gross
- Social facilitation, require les attention
- Complex
- Home/away games
- Social inhibition
- Personality
- Trait theory
- Behaviour = function of personality
- Social learning theory
- Behaviour = function of environment
- Interactionist theory
- Behaviour = function of (environment x personality)
- Trait theory
- Attitudes
- Dependant on
- Personality type
- Social influences
- Personal experiences
- Conditioning
- Triadic model
- Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive
- Emotions, Behaviour, Beliefs
- Emotions, Behaviour, Beliefs
- Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive
- How to change an individuals attitude
- Persuasive communication
- Cognitive dissonance
- Dependant on
- Anxiety
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