Interpersonal Attraction
- Created by: brobs123
- Created on: 16-05-17 13:31
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- Interpersonal Attraction and Liking
- Attractiveness
- Halo effect
- Stereotypes based on appearance e.g. attractive = sociable, intelligent, honest, high self esteem
- Dion (1976)
- Attractive photo of child. misbehaviour viewed less seriously + less severe punishment
- Judgements
- Kenrick (1989)
- Looking at attractive photo = harsher judgements after
- clothing, physique, age, glasses, facial hair, height, walking style even 1st name
- Best agreement = men judging women
- Judging yourself not similar to others judgements but 2 people usually agree on attractiveness of another person
- Kenrick (1989)
- Symmetry
- Perrett et al 1999
- Symmetry preferred when manipulated faces
- Penton-Voak et al 2001
- Symmetry in real faces correlated with rated attractiveness
- Perrett et al 1999
- Gender differences
- Penton-Voak and Perrett 2000
- Female preferences of male faces varies over menstrual cycle
- Prefer feminine faces mostly but during time when conception most likely, prefer masculine
- Female preferences of male faces varies over menstrual cycle
- Penton-Voak and Perrett 2000
- 2 diff procedures with experiments involving attractiveness
- Identifying attractive people + what characteristics they share
- Creating composite image of combined faces with specific features
- Halo effect
- Proximity
- Exposure effect (Zajonc 1968)
- Frequent contact = increasingly + evaluation of stimulus so find them attractive
- Moreland and Beach 1992
- More times stranger attended class, higher rates of attractiveness
- Stimulus can also be objects/concepts etc
- More times stranger attended class, higher rates of attractiveness
- Exposure effect (Zajonc 1968)
- Similarity vs Dissimilarity
- Matching Hypothesis
- Walster and Walster 1969
- people attracted to others roughly same level of attractiveness as themselves
- Walster and Walster 1969
- Cognitive Similarity
- Byrne 1971
- More similarity between 2 peoples attitudes, beliefs, values and ideas, more they'll like eachother
- proportion of similarity = no. of specific topics of which 2 ppl express similar views DIVIDED by total no. of topics discussed
- Higher proportion of similarity, more attractiveness
- Byrne 1971
- Construct Similarity
- Kelly 1955
- Select friends with similar ways of thinking (reinforcing our own beliefs/behaviours)
- Kelly 1955
- Social Homogamy
- Watson et al 2004
- Correlation in characteristic between partners
- Burley 1983
- Positive assortative mating = partners more similar to each other than would be expected by chance
- Watson et al 2004
- Theories explaining similarity
- Evolutionary Perspective
- Adaptivity of associating with similar others for safety
- Dislike of others based on aspects which are dissimilar to yourself
- Programmed to fear difference
- Balance Theory
- Heider 1958 + Newcomb 1961
- Agreeing results in + emotional state and vice versa
- Heider 1958 + Newcomb 1961
- Social Comparison Theory
- Festinger 1954
- similarity to others provides validation for ones beliefs
- Festinger 1954
- Evolutionary Perspective
- Complementary needs hypothesis
- Winch 1958
- make up for personal deficiencies by choosing partners who're strong in our weakest qualities
- Winch 1958
- Dissimilarity
- Markey and Markey 2007
- highest level of relationship quality were dissimilar in dominance
- Markey and Markey 2007
- Longitudinal research
- physical appearance + similarity only important in beginning of relationship
- Deeper similarity + complementarity more important later
- Matching Hypothesis
- Recent Research
- More Naturalistic (lab vs longitudinal)
- Societal Changes (BMI, gender differences)
- New Tech (online dating)
- Treleavan, Swami and Furnham 2006
- More accurate 3D body images (looks more realistic than animated)
- Swami and Tovee 2005
- More accurate 3D body images (looks more realistic than animated)
- Attractiveness
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