Issues and Debates
- Created by: Emma Galloway
- Created on: 05-05-13 21:22
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- Issues and Debates
- Research methods
- Correlational analysis
- Cramer (1997)
- Longitudinal
- Money (1975) - Bruce, Brenda, David
- Cross-sectional
- Bellis et al (2001)
- Obervations
- Covert
- Overt
- Participant
- Non-participant
- Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)
- Covert
- Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)
- Surveys
- Questionnaires
- Blattler (2002)
- Interviews
- Money (1975)
- Questionnaires
- Case study
- Freud (1909) - Little Hans
- Experiments
- Natural
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
- Field
- Yarmey (2004)
- Lab
- Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- Animal
- Skinner (1948)
- Natural
- Scanning Techniques
- MRI
- Bellis et al (2001)
- PET
- Raine (1997)
- MRI
- Correlational analysis
- Planning an Investigation
- 1. Aim
- 2. Research method
- Levels of measurement
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Levels of measurement
- 3. Problems
- 4. IV
- 5. DV
- 6. Controls
- 7. Research design
- 8. Null Hypothesis
- 9. Ethical considerations
- Ethical guidelines for humans and animals
- 10. Plan
- 11. Ensuring relability and validity
- Key Issues
- Health
- Should drug users be treated?
- Clinical
- Explanations of Schizophrenia
- Cognitive
- Accuracy of eye witness testimony
- Social
- Blind obedience in a prison setting
- Biological
- Is autism an extreme male brain condition?
- Psychodynamic
- Whether dreams have meaning
- Learning
- Do role models in the media influence anorexia?
- Criminal
- Accuracy of eye witness testimony
- Health
- Contributions to society
- Health
- Drug campaigns (Talk to Frank)
- Clinical
- Understanding schizophrenia
- Token economy programmes
- Cognitive
- Cognitive interview
- Understanding problems of eye withness testimony
- Social
- Reducing prejudice
- Understanding obedience
- Psychodynamic
- Psychoanalysis
- Understanding gender
- Biological
- Autism
- Understanding gender
- Learning
- Token Economy Programmes
- Systematic desensitisation
- Criminal
- Anger management
- Eye witness testimony
- Health
- Ethnocentrism
- Focus on own culture and see own culture as normal or in some way better
- Usually a criticism
- Type of bias
- Often takes participants from own ethnic group
- Often white, middle class male American students
- Results often generalised to human population
- Smith and Bond (1993) found most research in Introductory Psychology books based on US and European participants but generalised to humans universally
- Main problems
- Imbalance in research - huge focus on US and European cultures
- The research findings are applied to other cultures inappropriately
- Cultural relativism
- The practice of understanding behaviour in the culture it came from
- Mental health
- Cross-cultural studies
- Meeus and Raajimakers (1985)
- True et al (2001)
- Etic
- Assumes universals in human behaviour
- Uses tools from own culture
- Outsiders perspective
- Emic
- Investigates cultural uniqueness
- Insiders perspective
- Nature vs Nurture
- Biological: -Gender Theory -Money -Raine
- Learning: -Social Learning Theory -Operant+classical conditioning -Little Albert -Bandura
- Cognitive: -Reconstructive memory -Cue-dependency -Levels of processing -Repression -Godden and Baddeley -Craik and Tulving
- Psychodynamic: -Psychosexual stages -Structure of personality -Defence mechanisms -Little Hans -Freud
- Social: -Social Identity Theory -Agency Theory -Milgram -Hofling -Meeus and Raaijmaker -Tajfel
- Nature - innate, instinctive, what we are born with, processes that develop as we mature, biology, unchangeable.
- Nurture - environment, learnt behaviour, conditoning
- Is Psychology a Science?
- Science
- a definable subject matter
- theory construction
- hypotheses testing
- empirical methods
- explanation, prediction, control, general law or principles
- Should we test behaviour in a scientific way?
- Psychodynamic
- Social
- Learning
- Cognitive
- Biological
- Science
- Social control
- Drug Therapy
- Token Economies
- Classical Conditioning
- Influence of the practitioner in treatment/therapy
- Psychodynamic
- Research methods
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