Jazz 1910-1950

Created by: MkNeptune
Created on: 12-05-17 13:53

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Jazz from 1910-1950
- Major Musicians
  - Louis Armstrong
    - West End Blues (1928)
      - Dixieland
      - 12 bar blues progression
        Uses chords I, IV, V
      - Frequent blues notes
        b3, b7 and b5
      - Collective improvisation
      - 6 bar trumpet cadenza
        2 octaves and third range
        
        Sextuplet rise
      - 1st chorus: 3 part harmony
        Armstrong melody
        
        Clarinets in 3rds
        
        Long trombone notes
      - 2nd chorus: Improv in trombone
        Comping piano
      - 3rd chorus: **** singing
      - 4th chorus: Improv in piano
      - 5th Chorus: Armstrong improv
        Homophonic 4 bar chord
    - Alligator Crawl (1927)
      - 12 bar blues in F major
      - Trumpet cadenza in C maj
      - Chorus 1 - Clarinet lead
        Frequent ornaments
      - Chorus 2 - Ensemble polyphony
        Clarinet counter melody
        
        Trombone and trumpet interjections
      - Transition - 4 bars
        Pedal on G with octave leaps
      - 3 solos in C major
        ABA form
        
        Syncopated trumpet
        
        Harsh vibrato
        
        Wide leaping melody
      - Return to F major
        Chorus 3 - Guitar solo
        Unusual melody
        
        Takes own rhythm
        
        Frequent speed ups
        
        Chorus 4 - Ensemble in double time
      - Use of **** singing
      - Heavily swung
  - Duke Ellington
    - Take the A-Train (1941)
      - Swing
      - 32 bar A-A-B-A
        Piano intro, coda & key change
        
        Apperas 3 times
      - Main I and II chords
        9ths and 2nd inversion
      - 4 bar piano intro
        Arpeggios
        
        E-Eb-C-A
        
        ic & VIIc
        
        Dissonant - b3 with C
      - First A-A-B-A
        Unison sax
        
        Call and response
        Trombone and trumpet
        
        B section: Added fills
      - Second A-A-B-A
        Trumpets 1-3 tacet
        Trumpet 4 improv
        
        Scalic counter rmelody in C
        Blues notes
      - 4 bar transition
        Eb key change
      - Third A-A-B-A
        2nd variation in Eb
      - Coda
        Trumpet improv
        
        Dominant pedal
        
        Final Eb maj
- Styles
  - 1910
    - Blues
      - Blue notes b3, b7 and b5
      - Minor feel over major harmony
      - Set chords - 12 bar blues
        I, IV, V
      - Bends and slides
    - Ragtime
      - LH stride pattern
      - RH syncopation
      - 16 bar sections from classical dances
      - Diminished 7th chord use
      - Short tags as intros
      - No blues notes
  - 1920
    - Dixieland/ Trad Jazz
      - Front line of brass/clarinets
      - Tuba generally plays bass
      - Collective improvisation
      - Polyphonic
      - Improvisation in melodies
      - Often follows 12 bar blues pattern
      - More complex chords
      - Louis Armstrong
  - 1930
    - Swing
      - More solo improvisation
      - Use of string bass
      - More guitar usage
      - Sax becomes predominant
      - More emphasis on off beat
      - Typical swung rhythms
      - Duke Ellington
    - Big Band
      - Much larger arrangements
        5 sax, 4 trumpet, 5 trombone and rhythm section
      - Commonly supported singers
      - Deliberate orchestrated gaps for soloist
      - Woody Herman Band
  - 1940
    - Be-bop
      - Fast tempo
      - Complex harmony
      - Numerous key changes
      - Intricate melodies, phrasing and syncopation
      - Rhythm section has major role
      - Head and solos
      - Charlie Parker
    - Cool Jazz
      - Laid Back
        Slower tempos
      - Soft dynamics
      - Brush drums
      - Miles Davis
- Classical Influence
  - George Gershwin "Rhapsody in Blue" (1924)
    - 32 bar chorus pattern: AABA
    - Frequent key changes used
      - Bb to Eb to Ab to Db to Gb then A maj (bar 25)
      - Used 9 key signatures by bar 72
    - Frequent imitation like jazz call and response
    - Blues scale used (b7 and b3)
    - Sforzando dynamics
    - Common use of triplets and syncopation
      - Also uses cross rhythms
    - Flutter tonguing (Vaudeville)
    - Ragtime and Cuban clave rhythms
    - Vernacular instruments
      - Accordion
      - Banjo
  - Darius Milhaud "Creation Du La Monde" (1922)
    - Harmony is primarily improvised (early jazz)
    - Frequent syncopation
      - Offbeat high horns
    - Improvised section uses triplets - Ragtime
    - Canonic 4's and 2's (Trad Jazz)
    - Improvised melodies are disjunct
      - Uses large intervals
      - Blues notes are frequent
  - Aaron Copland "Music for the Theatre" (1925)
    - Lower instruments use dissonance
      - Blues notes used
    - Piano plays 2 semitonal chords in triplets
    - Scalic motifs - trad blues
    - Canonic polyphonic texture
    - Ground bass and walking bass used
    - 2nd triplet accented
    - Strongly polyrhythmic - Dixieland
    - Quintuplet motif in strings

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Jazz 1910-1950

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