Language and Gender Theorists
- Created by: creative_dreamer
- Created on: 19-11-15 16:45
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- Language and Gender Theorists
- Robin Lakoff 1975
- influential account of women's language which claims that women:
- use (super)polite forms
- hedge
- use tag questions ("you're going to dinner, aren't you?")
- use empty adjectives ("lovely")
- use direct quotation
- have a special lexicon
- use question intonation for declaratives
- speak less frequently
- overuse qualifiers
- apologise more
- avoid coarse language or expletives
- use indirect commands
- use more intensifiers ("I am so gland you came!")
- lack a sense of humour
- influential account of women's language which claims that women:
- Zimmerman and West 1975
- theory that men are more likely to interrupt in mixed-sex conversations than women
- fairly old small study done at California University found that in 11 conversations between men and women, men used 46 interruptions whereas women used 2
- criticised by Beattie who said that there might have simply been one very chatty man or that interruptions do not necessarily mean dominance
- found that women and men interrupted with more or less equal frequency
- criticised by Beattie who said that there might have simply been one very chatty man or that interruptions do not necessarily mean dominance
- fairly old small study done at California University found that in 11 conversations between men and women, men used 46 interruptions whereas women used 2
- theory that men are more likely to interrupt in mixed-sex conversations than women
- Beattie
- found that women and men interrupted with more or less equal frequency
- Pamela Fishman 1983
- conversation between the sexes sometimes fails, not because of anything inherent in the way women talk but because of how men respond or don't respond
- Deborah Tannen
- male and female language consists of six main contrasts, where the male characteristics come first:
- status vs support
- independence vs intimacy
- advice vs understanding
- information vs feelings
- orders vs proposals
- conflict vs comprimise
- male and female language consists of six main contrasts, where the male characteristics come first:
- Deborah Cameron
- women have been instructed in the proper ways of speech just as they have been instructed in the proper ways of dressing
- "verbal hygiene"
- Peter Trudgill
- subjects were grouped by social class and sex and invited to speak in a variety of situations before he asked them to read out a passage containing words ending in "ing" that could be shortened to "in-"
- found that women were more likely to use the prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds
- subjects were grouped by social class and sex and invited to speak in a variety of situations before he asked them to read out a passage containing words ending in "ing" that could be shortened to "in-"
- Jennifer Coates
- said that all-women conversation can fall into one of four categories
- house talk
- scandal
- bitching
- chatting
- said that all-women conversation can fall into one of four categories
- Robin Lakoff 1975
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