English Language And Power
- Created by: alice_skinner
- Created on: 22-03-16 11:28
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- Language and Power
- Influential Power
- It inclines us or makes us want to behave in certain ways or adopt opinions or attitudes, with obvious force.
- Fairclough
- Persuasive
- Instrumental Power
- explicit power of the sort imposed by the state
- laws and conventions
- Gives explicit idea of consequence
- Synthetic Pers.
- Vastly demonstrated throughout the use of 2nd person personal pronouns
- These are ambiguous - they can be seen to be addressing both a large audience or an individual person
- Fairclough
- Aided by use of members resources - knowledge of the recipient that the producer already has
- Process of addressing mass audiences as if they were individuals through inclusive language usage
- Vastly demonstrated throughout the use of 2nd person personal pronouns
- Register/Tenor of Discourse
- Distance
- The way in which the producer of the text positions the reader closer to/further from them. A reduced distance indicates a lower register, increased distance equals a higher register
- Politeness
- How polite a text is. Often indicated by politeness markers and acknowledgement of the reader. Lowers register.
- Orientation
- A text can either have a social orientation (lowers register) or a message register (heightens register)
- Formality
- How formal a text is. Often shown through use of standard English and polysyllabic lexis. helps to establish asymmetric power. Heightens register
- Split into 4 separate sections which can either heighten/lower the register of a text
- Distance
- Face Theory
- Brown and Levison
- Negative Face
- Our need and want to be left alone and not bothered by other people
- Positive Face
- Our need to be liked by other people.
- Political Power
- That held by politicians, the police and those working in law courts.
- Wareing
- Positional Power
- Wareing
- Power held as a result of their occupation or role
- Social Power
- Wareing
- Power held as a result of social variables such as class, gender and age
- Asymmetric Power
- A marked difference
in the power status of individuals involved in the discourse
- (One person having a higher status than another)
- A marked difference
in the power status of individuals involved in the discourse
- Accommodation Theory
- Convergence
- Divergence
- When someone wishes to not be associated with a particular group their language stylistics may attempt to be completely opposite of them.
- Institutional Power
- Fairclough
- The power wielded by entities like governments, churches, and corporations to control people and direct their behavior through the use of rewards and punishments
- Power and Discourse
- Power within the discourse
- The power that a producer demonstrates through a text and the way they write.
- Power behind the discourse
- The power a producer has before they even write anything - usually demonstrated through use of logos and official titles
- Power within the discourse
- Influential Power
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