Liberalism: Individualism and Equality

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  • Created by: wanjikar
  • Created on: 27-04-23 16:41
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  • Liberalism: Core Principles
    • Individualism
      • John Stuart Mill: "over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign"
      • the state shouldn't harm the rights of an individual
        • against paternalistic states
      • oppose govt intervention that restricts individual rights, freedoms or responsibilities
      • the individual has a responsibility to achieve in society by the strength of their own ability
      • egotistical individualism
        • the belief that individual freedom involves satisfying one's own desires and needs
        • extreme vers. believe in a society
        • supports a small state and few state restrictions (atomism)
      • developmental individualism
        • believe in a society in which individuals live alongside each other
        • support state intervention
        • often social liberals
      • positive liberty
        • supports a larger role for the state
        • an individual is given freedom to do as they wish by an authority
      • negative liberty
        • an individual is free from external constraints and interference
        • supports a smaller state
      • J.S. Mill proposed the 'harm principle' to deal with when it is appropriate to restrict individual liberty
    • Equality and Justice
      • Equality is the belief that all individuals have equal rights, are of equal value and should be treated equally
      • Foundational Equality means that every person has rights simply by being born
        • Socialists also believe in this
        • Conservatives do not believe in this
        • The HRA 1998 is centred around this idea
      • Formal Equality is the idea that all individuals have the same legal and political rights
        • Early liberals (J.S. Mill) opposed this and suggested weighted voting where the highest ppl had more of a say in elections
        • a part of 'The Rule of Law' by A.V. Dicey and the Voting Rights Act 1964
      • equality of opportunity is the idea that everyone should have equal chances in life to succeed
        • Democratic socialists and modern conservatives believe in this
        • The HRA enshrines this and NAtional Insurance aimed at creating this

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