Limitations on Personal, Religous and Political Freedoms - 1855-1964
- Created by: 15mkooner
- Created on: 07-04-22 11:42
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- Limitations on Personal, Political and Religious Freedom 1855-1965
- Voting
- 1864 - Zemstva set up to express views of rural people at a local level
- 1905 - Elections to the national Duma - but the franchise was limited.
- COMMUNISTS
- Central Committee under Stalin was a collective body elected at annual party congress BUT elections were controlled by the party's elite.
- membership of the CC increased from 71 members (1934) to 200 (1964)
- Central Committee under Stalin was a collective body elected at annual party congress BUT elections were controlled by the party's elite.
- Political Parties & Pressure Groups
- Parties were monitored and controlled to some extent under the TSARS.
- 1855-1917 - establishment of: Populists, People's Will, SRs, SDs, Liberals, Kadets, Octobrists
- Under the Communists, only 1 party existed. - Russian Communist Party
- 1905 - Trade Unions were allowed to come into existence.
- 1905-1917 - TUs had very limited powers
- Under the Communists, TUs were valued but were subordinate to the needs of the government rather than the proletariat.
- 1905 onwards, Soviets (worker's councils) were tolerated
- PG performed 'dual authority' with PS
- Parties were monitored and controlled to some extent under the TSARS.
- Expression of views through the Media
- TSARS used their own newspapers 'Ruski' to publish official news.
- There was a noticeable relaxation of control under Nicholas II.
- COMMUNISTS made great use of newspapers
- Under Stalin, writers were guided to produce 'socialist realism' to show the accounts of ordinary people overcoming oppression by capitalism.
- Although Khrushchev eased censorship, popular newspapers still supported the party/government - Pravda/Ivestiya
- TSARS used their own newspapers 'Ruski' to publish official news.
- Religious Freedom
- Under the Tsars
- Tsars emanted from the Russian Orthodox Church
- Religions e.g: Old belieers, Sectarians, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Muslims were tolerated.
- HOWEVER, some Russian Tsars in this period e.g: A3, encouraged members of some groups to convert.
- Under the Communists
- Bolsheviks place servere restrictions on Russian Orthodox Church
- Issued the 'Decree on the separation of the Church from the State and the School from the Church.'
- Religion was heavily repressed 1917-64.
- Under the Tsars
- Voting
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