Loss of France

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  • Created by: Ella9809
  • Created on: 22-02-20 16:41
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  • Loss of France
    • The Inheritance of Henry VI
      • Henry V died of dysentry 14.09.1422
      • Charles VI of France died 22.10.1422
      • Henry VI of England also became Henry II of France at 9 months old
    • The Regency Council of Henry VI
      • Made up of Henry's Uncles
      • Bedford was the leader and took responsibility
      • Gloucester remained in England with Cardinal Beaufort
      • Henry was tutored by Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick
    • The Rule of the Minority Council
      • Rivalry between Cardinal Beaufort and Gloucester was kept in check by Bedford
      • Royal finances were kept under control
      • England remained dominant in France under Bedford
        • Henry was crowned in Paris in 1431
    • Joan of Arc
      • Led to the coronation of Charles VII in Rheims
      • English defeat at Orleans and Patay
      • Captured by the Burgundians
        • Sold to the English
        • Interrogated and burnt to death at Rouen
    • The War became Unpopular
      • No heroes like Henry V
      • No great conquests or victories
      • Heavy taxation and little to show for it
      • Lack of opportunities for nobles to gain prestige and wealth
    • Burgundy Swaps Sides
      • Congress of Arras had been called by Bedford to secure peace with France
        • However, he died 1 day before the conclusion of it 14.09.1435
      • Burgundy then made peace with Charles VII at the Treaty of Arras
        • England left isolated
          • 1442- Paris was recaptured by the French
    • The Last Years of the Minority Council
      • Beauforts death saw the increased rivalry of his brothers after 1437
        • Henry came of age and assumed control of running the country
    • Personal Rule of Henry VI
      • Promoted young Somerset and Suffolk
      • They rose rapidly through the nobility
      • Suffolk was already an earl but became a marquis in 1444, earl in 1447 and duke in 1448
        • With the increase of peerage elevations it devalued the titles
          • Henry was also influenced by Cardinal Beaufort who lent a vast amount to the crown
      • Somerset became earl in 1442, marquis in 1443 and duke in 1448.
        • His personal wealth was only £300 a year
          • Henry gave him titles and lands to compensate
    • Disgrace of Eleanor Cobham
      • Gloucester increasingly sidelined
        • His wife, Eleanor was found guilty of necromancy in 1442
          • She was given life imprisonment
            • Her conspirators were executed
              • Ending Gloucesters influence with the king
    • The Treaty of Tours
      • Determined on peace with France
        • Unpopularity of war
          • Englishmen felt they were negotiating from a position of strength
            • Gloucester, York and Talbot were against peace
      • The 1444 Treaty saw peace agreed through a marriage alliance
        • A dowry of 20000 frans were promised and Margaret was married by proxy in France
          • She then married Henry in Westminster Abbey
    • York Replaced
      • 1445- York removed as Lord Lieutenant of France
      • Was successful in his position
      • Wasnt replaced for 2 years
      • Personal debts not repaid
      • York was moved to Ireland
      • Prevented him from taking power
    • 'Secret' Peace with France
      • Henry made concessions to France
      • Gave up Le Mans and Maine and Anjou in 1447
      • Negotiations took place under darkness
      • Tricked the French into giving England Brittany
        • French didn't know until they signed
        • It made any English attack on Brittany an internal matter
    • Death of the 'Old Guard'
      • 1447 Suffolk and Somerset assert their authority
      • Gloucester arrested for treason but died in Suffolk (accused of murder)
      • Cardinal Beaufort died months later
      • Gloucester was more of a threat dead than alive
    • The Attack on Forgeres
      • March 1449- an attack instigated by Suffolk.
      • French leaders appealed to Charles and attacked Normandy
    • Normandy Lost
      • Somerset appointed lieutenant of France in 1448
      • October 1449 Rouen was lost
      • England lost at Formigny in April 1450
      • July 1450 Caen was surrendered
      • August 1450 Normandy was lost
    • High Profile Casualties
      • As soldiers and refugees returned home the mood soured
      • January 1450- Keeper of the privy seal was attacked and killed
      • Suffolk was arrested by the Commons and sent to the Tower
      • The Bishop who married the King and Margaret was dragged from Salisbury Cathedral in June 1450 and executed
    • Duke of Suffolk
      • Blamed for the loss of France and was punished
      • Accused of betraying English interests, abusing his influence, seeking his own advancement, advancing his affinity and murdering the Duke of Gloucester
      • Banished for 5 years and sailed from Ipswich on April 30th
        • May 2nd his boat was intercepted by a mob and was executed with a rusty knife
    • Reaction to Suffolk's Murder
      • Lord Saye and Sele, the treasurer and Crowmer, Sheriff of Kent declared Kent to be a deer forest
      • Led to Cade's rebellion
    • Loss of Gascony
      • French captured Bordeaux in 1451
      • John Talbot recaptured the province in 1453
        • Forced into battle in July at Castillon
          • Defeated and Talbot and his heir were killed
      • Ended the 100 Years War

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