Loss of France
- Created by: Ella9809
- Created on: 22-02-20 16:41
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- Loss of France
- The Inheritance of Henry VI
- Henry V died of dysentry 14.09.1422
- Charles VI of France died 22.10.1422
- Henry VI of England also became Henry II of France at 9 months old
- The Regency Council of Henry VI
- Made up of Henry's Uncles
- Bedford was the leader and took responsibility
- Gloucester remained in England with Cardinal Beaufort
- Henry was tutored by Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick
- The Rule of the Minority Council
- Rivalry between Cardinal Beaufort and Gloucester was kept in check by Bedford
- Royal finances were kept under control
- England remained dominant in France under Bedford
- Henry was crowned in Paris in 1431
- Joan of Arc
- Led to the coronation of Charles VII in Rheims
- English defeat at Orleans and Patay
- Captured by the Burgundians
- Sold to the English
- Interrogated and burnt to death at Rouen
- The War became Unpopular
- No heroes like Henry V
- No great conquests or victories
- Heavy taxation and little to show for it
- Lack of opportunities for nobles to gain prestige and wealth
- Burgundy Swaps Sides
- Congress of Arras had been called by Bedford to secure peace with France
- However, he died 1 day before the conclusion of it 14.09.1435
- Burgundy then made peace with Charles VII at the Treaty of Arras
- England left isolated
- 1442- Paris was recaptured by the French
- England left isolated
- Congress of Arras had been called by Bedford to secure peace with France
- The Last Years of the Minority Council
- Beauforts death saw the increased rivalry of his brothers after 1437
- Henry came of age and assumed control of running the country
- Beauforts death saw the increased rivalry of his brothers after 1437
- Personal Rule of Henry VI
- Promoted young Somerset and Suffolk
- They rose rapidly through the nobility
- Suffolk was already an earl but became a marquis in 1444, earl in 1447 and duke in 1448
- With the increase of peerage elevations it devalued the titles
- Henry was also influenced by Cardinal Beaufort who lent a vast amount to the crown
- With the increase of peerage elevations it devalued the titles
- Somerset became earl in 1442, marquis in 1443 and duke in 1448.
- His personal wealth was only £300 a year
- Henry gave him titles and lands to compensate
- His personal wealth was only £300 a year
- Disgrace of Eleanor Cobham
- Gloucester increasingly sidelined
- His wife, Eleanor was found guilty of necromancy in 1442
- She was given life imprisonment
- Her conspirators were executed
- Ending Gloucesters influence with the king
- Her conspirators were executed
- She was given life imprisonment
- His wife, Eleanor was found guilty of necromancy in 1442
- Gloucester increasingly sidelined
- The Treaty of Tours
- Determined on peace with France
- Unpopularity of war
- Englishmen felt they were negotiating from a position of strength
- Gloucester, York and Talbot were against peace
- Englishmen felt they were negotiating from a position of strength
- Unpopularity of war
- The 1444 Treaty saw peace agreed through a marriage alliance
- A dowry of 20000 frans were promised and Margaret was married by proxy in France
- She then married Henry in Westminster Abbey
- A dowry of 20000 frans were promised and Margaret was married by proxy in France
- Determined on peace with France
- York Replaced
- 1445- York removed as Lord Lieutenant of France
- Was successful in his position
- Wasnt replaced for 2 years
- Personal debts not repaid
- York was moved to Ireland
- Prevented him from taking power
- 'Secret' Peace with France
- Henry made concessions to France
- Gave up Le Mans and Maine and Anjou in 1447
- Negotiations took place under darkness
- Tricked the French into giving England Brittany
- French didn't know until they signed
- It made any English attack on Brittany an internal matter
- Death of the 'Old Guard'
- 1447 Suffolk and Somerset assert their authority
- Gloucester arrested for treason but died in Suffolk (accused of murder)
- Cardinal Beaufort died months later
- Gloucester was more of a threat dead than alive
- The Attack on Forgeres
- March 1449- an attack instigated by Suffolk.
- French leaders appealed to Charles and attacked Normandy
- Normandy Lost
- Somerset appointed lieutenant of France in 1448
- October 1449 Rouen was lost
- England lost at Formigny in April 1450
- July 1450 Caen was surrendered
- August 1450 Normandy was lost
- High Profile Casualties
- As soldiers and refugees returned home the mood soured
- January 1450- Keeper of the privy seal was attacked and killed
- Suffolk was arrested by the Commons and sent to the Tower
- The Bishop who married the King and Margaret was dragged from Salisbury Cathedral in June 1450 and executed
- Duke of Suffolk
- Blamed for the loss of France and was punished
- Accused of betraying English interests, abusing his influence, seeking his own advancement, advancing his affinity and murdering the Duke of Gloucester
- Banished for 5 years and sailed from Ipswich on April 30th
- May 2nd his boat was intercepted by a mob and was executed with a rusty knife
- Reaction to Suffolk's Murder
- Lord Saye and Sele, the treasurer and Crowmer, Sheriff of Kent declared Kent to be a deer forest
- Led to Cade's rebellion
- Loss of Gascony
- French captured Bordeaux in 1451
- John Talbot recaptured the province in 1453
- Forced into battle in July at Castillon
- Defeated and Talbot and his heir were killed
- Forced into battle in July at Castillon
- Ended the 100 Years War
- The Inheritance of Henry VI
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