Medicine Through Time

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  • Medicine Through Time
    • Medieval Period
      • Treatments
        • Purifying the Air
        • Physicians - expensive
        • Bloodletiing and Purging
        • Herbal Remedies - from Apothecaries
        • Prayer / Repentance
        • Barber Surgeons
      • Causes
        • "Bad Planets"
        • God
        • Miasma
        • 4 Humours
          • Black Bile
          • Phlegm
          • Yellow Bile
          • Blood
      • Prevention
        • Kings ordered towns to be cleaned
        • Herbs "purify the air"
      • People
        • Galen
          • Continued work on 4 humours and developed theory of opposites
        • Hippocrates
          • 4 Humours
        • The Church
          • Controlled medical books / learning
      • Black Death
        • 1348
        • Caused by fleas on rats - people didn't know that then
          • Methods of prevention / treatment therefore unsuccessful
        • Possibly 1/3 of Britain died
    • Modern Day
      • Treatment
        • Antibiotics
        • Magic Bullets
        • Radio / Chemotherapy
        • Successful operations
          • With robots now!
        • Transplants and Transfusions
        • NHS from 1948
      • Causes
        • Germs
          • Now in groups e.g. viruses
        • DNA
        • Lifestyle
      • Prevention
        • An array of vaccinations
        • Lifestyle campaigns
        • Genetic Screening
      • People
        • Alexander Fleming 1929
          • Discovered Penicillin, the first antibiotic
            • Couldn't make lots of it and no one really listened to him
              • Florey and Chain found a way to mass produce it in America for soldiers
        • Martinus Beijernick 1898
          • Discovered viruses
        • Paul Ehrlich
          • Discovered the first magic bullet - Salvarsan 606
        • Watson and Crick
          • Discovered the structure of DNA
    • Renaissance
      • Treatment
      • Causes
        • Same as medieval
          • Treatment
      • Prevention
        • Inoculation
        • Quarantine
        • Medieval methods
      • People
        • Andreas Versalius 1543
          • Breakthrough in anatomy
          • Showed Galen's mistakes - e.g. there weren't holes in the septum in the heart
          • Led people to start challenging old ideas more
            • William Harvey 1628
              • Discovered the circulation of the blood
                • Against what Galen said (e.g. blood was constantly made was proved wrong)
              • However, it didn't make a big impact at the time
        • William Harvey 1628
          • Discovered the circulation of the blood
            • Against what Galen said (e.g. blood was constantly made was proved wrong)
          • However, it didn't make a big impact at the time
        • Thomas Sydenham 1676
          • Identified symptoms to diseases
          • Observed patients
        • However, Galen's ideas were still around
      • The Great Plague
        • 1665
        • 100,000 died - 20% of London
        • Tried to prevent spread by quarantine and closing public areas
        • The Great Fire may have helped eradicate it
    • 1700s + 1800s
      • Treatment
        • Anaesthetics (e.g. chloroform) used in operations
        • Still mainly herbal remedies
        • Some hospitals with trained nurses
      • Causes
        • Germs
        • Miasma still believed
      • Prevention
        • Antiseptics and Aseptic techniques
        • Vaccination
        • 1875 Public Health Act
          • Health inspectors in towns
          • Streets / sewers kept clean
      • People
        • John Snow 1855
          • Showed cholera was waterborne
          • Closed the Broad Street Pump and ended the outbreak at the time
        • Edward Jenner 1796 / 1798
          • Made the first vaccination for smallpox
          • Didn't know why it worked so couldn't make more
        • Louis Pasteur 1861
          • Published Germ Theory
            • Suggested they cause disease
          • Took a while to identify certain bacteria and become useful
            • Robert Koch helped find anthrax and other bacteria and make vaccination for them
        • Joseph Lister 1860s
          • Helped antiseptics (e.g. carbolic acid) become more widely used
        • Florence Nightingale 1859
          • Published Notes on Nursing
          • Cleaned up hospitals in Crimean War
            • Death rate went from 42% to 2%
          • Made way for trained female nurses

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