Methods of Control 1855-1945
- Created by: 15mkooner
- Created on: 03-02-22 09:29
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- Methods of Control 1855-1945
- The Secret Police
- Alexander II used 'The Third Section' until 1880
- The Third Section was replaced by the Okhrana in 1880. Which was clearly not effective seeing as he was assassinated in 1881.
- Alexander III and Nicholas II continued use of the Okhrana
- Okhrana lasted until 1917 February Revolution - PG did not want to continue with an institution that was clearly hated by the Russian people.
- CHEKA
- Cheka was later replaced by less brutal United State Police Administration (OGPU) in 1924.
- December 1917 - Lenin established the Cheka - used vitally throughout War Communism and Russian Civil War (1917-21)
- People's Commissariat for Internal affairs (NKVD) in 1934
- Relentless in clamping down opposition through show trials and purges.
- Alexander II used 'The Third Section' until 1880
- The Army
- Alexander III used troops to enforce Russification
- Used by Nicholas II to control worker's protests
- Military Revolution Committee (MRC) was encouraged by Bolsheviks to become the 'Vanguard' of the October Revolution.
- MRC merged with the Red Guard to form the core of Trotsky's 'Red Amy'
- Stalin continued to use the Red Army for grain requisition and also to administer the purges.
- Propaganda
- Nicholas II used portraits, pamphleteering, photographs and events to increase his popularity, particularly after 1905.
- Used masterfully by the Communists e.g: Slogans (Bread, Peace Land), Cult of Personality, publication of party newspapers and promotion of 'movements' e.g: Stakhanovitism
- Censorship
- Alexander III restricted the press, literature, shut down 14 major newspapers.
- Enforced strictly under the Communists with the establishment of Association of Proletarian Writers and 'Official' newspapers e.g: Pravda
- The Secret Police
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