Mood Disorders
- Created by: Syrena123
- Created on: 11-01-21 00:26
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- Mood disorders
- DSM 5: Major Depressive Disorder
- Major depressive episode = 2 weeks of at least 5 symptoms
- At least 1 of these symptoms: Depressed mood or Loss of pleasure
- Subclinical symptoms (between episodes)
- With mixed features manic symptoms but not full criteria for manic episode
- With anxious distress- anxiety, and effects prognosis, options for treatment and response
- Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)
- Feelings can last for years
- Stronger predictor poorer outcome in recovery
- High mortality - suicide
- Other diagnoses
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder- Tapia et al.,
2018).
- Temper outbursts (verbal/ behaviour)
- At least 3 times a week and persists 12 months
- Age 6-18 only (onset before 10yrs)
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
- Most severe form of PMS
- Severe irritability, depression or anxiety between 2 weeks before + 3 days after start of the period
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder- Tapia et al.,
2018).
- Comorbidity
- Substance misuse
- Health Problems
- Anxiety Disorders
- Deep brain stimulation relieves depressive symptoms in Treatment Resistant Depression
- Bipolar and related
- 3 types
- Bipolar I = at least one episode of mania during lifetime (>1week)
- Bipolar II = at least one episode of major depression & hypomania (mild/moderate mania, less impairing)
- Cyclothymic disorder = Chronic (at least 2 years) – alternating mild depression and hypomania
- DSM 5: manic & hypomanic
symptoms
- Abnormal levels of behaviour:
- Mania vs Hypomania
- Manic episode :
Symptoms 1 wk/require hospitalisation
- Significant impairment/distress
- Hypomanic episode:
Symptoms >4 days
- Observable changes in functioning
- No psychotic symptoms
- Manic episode :
Symptoms 1 wk/require hospitalisation
- Less prevalent than major depression
E.g. Bipolar I: 0.6%
- Equal prevalence men/women
- Av. age onset < 25yrs
- Genetic factors more influential in bipolar = highly heritable - 85% (McGuffin et al. 2003)
- 3 types
- The Monoamine Hypothesis says...
- Dopamine, serotonin & norapinephrine
- Decreases depression
- Increase in MANIA
- Dopamine, serotonin & norapinephrine
- Treatments
- Depression
- SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- 2-3 treatments/wkfor 2-4 weeks
- Altering neurotransmitter function
- Reduces ‘hyperconnectivity’
- CBT
- Bipolar
- Lithium - 80% effective
- Anticonvulsants and Antipsychotics
- CBT- Importance of engagement
- Family-focused & group therapies
- Depression
- DSM 5: Major Depressive Disorder
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