MUSIC KEYWORDS
- Created by: abieskriett
- Created on: 14-11-16 18:50
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- Music
- Structure and Form
- Introduction - a section that starts a piece before the voice/main tune enters
- Verse/Chorus - Only in sung excerpts (not instrumental music)
- Binary - AB (two different musical ideas)
- Ternary - ABA
- Repetition - Exactly the same played more than once (e.g. AA)
- A1A2 - A1 original musical material but slightly altered for A2
- Cadenza - A section when the soloist plays solo, usually demonstrating his/her virtuosity
- Ground Bass - A short musical idea usually heard in the bass part throughout a piece
- 12-bar blues - Characteristic form in chord structure ( I I I I IV IV I I V IV I I)
- Tempo
- Tempo - speed of music
- Allegro - fast
- Moderato - medium
- Andante - slow
- Rubato - flexible time
- Accelerando - getting faster
- Rallentando - getting slower
- Rhythmic Devices
- Syncopation - Off beat
- Triplets - 3 notes played in the time of 2
- Augmentation - rhythm repeated in a longer version, notes doubled
- Diminution - rhythm repeated in a shorter version, notes halved
- Cross-rhythms - when two conflicting rhythms are played at the same time
- Polyrhythms - Two or more rhythms played at the same time
- Hemiola - where 2 bars of 3/4 sound like 3 bars of 2/4
- Harmony and Tonality
- Consonant - notes that sound pleasing together
- Dissonant - notes that sound clashing together
- Chromatic - movement by semitones
- Diatonic - music that uses notes from the key (mostly consonant)
- Pedal - A note that is repeated/held (usually played by the bass or any low-pitched instruments) with changing harmonies on top
- Drone - one or two notes held for a really long time
- Atonal- no key
- Tierce de Picardie - when a piece in a minor key ends with a major chord
- Modal - based on a 7-note scale called a mode
- Timbre
- Vibrato - a rapid and regular fluctuation in pitch, used by vocalists/ instrumentalists to produce a richer sound
- Falsetto - a vocal technique used by men to sing notes higher than their normal range
- Tongued - notes played separately
- Slurred - notes played smoothly
- Reverb - echo
- Con arco - with bow
- Pizzicato - plucking of the the strings ( usually on the violin)
- Double stopping - two or more strings being played at once
- Tremolando - fast bowing
- Texture
- Monophonic - single melody
- Octaves - played simultaneouslybut at a different pitch
- Unison - all the instruments playing notes at the same pitch
- Melody with accompaniment - melody (vocal or instrumental) with the piano or band providing accompaniment (pop songs)
- Homophonic - melody and accompaniment moves mainly to the same rhythm (chordal music)
- Polyphonic - two or more melodies of equal importance played at the same time. Sometimes called contrapuntal
- Imitative - most of the melody copied in another part (melody exactly the same = canon)
- Heterophonic - two or more melodies simultaneouslyperforming variations of the same melody
- Antiphonal - two separate groups (e.g 'Oh Happy Day'/ 'California Dreaming') call and response part of this texture
- Scales
- Pentatonic - scale made from 5 notes
- Chromatic - scale which plays all notes (semitones only)
- Whole tone - six note scale made from tones only
- Blues scale - major scale with bIII bV and bVII
- Melody
- Trill - rapid move to back and forth between the note and the note above
- Slide/glissando/portamento - sliding from one note to another
- Acciaccatura- quick note preceding the main note (flick)
- Ornamentation - embellishing a melody
- Sequence - a group of notes directly repeated at a different pitch
- Ostinato/riff - a repeated melodic pattern
- Staccato - short and snappy
- Legato - long and smooth
- Accent - emphasised note
- Ascending - melody rises in pitch
- Descending - melody descends in pitch
- Triadic - melody moves using the notes from the triad
- Conjunction - movement is mostly stepwise
- Disjunct - movement in larger intervals (quite jumpy)
- Arch-shape - up then down, or down then up
- Arpeggio - also known as broken chords, the notes of the chord are played individually
- Structure and Form
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