Observational techniques

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    • Naturalistic observation - watching and recording behaviour where it would naturally occur in.
      • Controlled observation - watching and recording behaviour within a structured environment.
        • Evaluation :  + EV’s and CV’s are less of a problem so is easier to replicate.       - findings are less appliable to everyday life
      • Evaluation:      + high external validity so that findings can be generalised due to it being appliable to every day life.   - lack of control makes replication very difficult to do.
    • Overt - when people know they are being watched and recorded
      • Covert - when people don’t know their behaviour is being watched and recorded so no consent.
        • Evaluation :     + they don’t know they’re being watched so demand characteristicsisn’t aren’t an issue which increases internal validity.           - however ethical issues because they have not consented.
      • Evaluation :     + more ethical as they have the pp consent.          - they know they’re being watched so may change their behaviour .
    • Participant - the researcher becomes a part of the group who’s behaviour they are watching and recording.
      • Non participant - the researcher stays out of the group of who’s behaviour they are watching and recording.
        • Evaluation :   +maintain an objective distance so there is less chance of adopting a local lifestyle.         -they lose valuable insight into the group.
      • Evaluation :  + increased insight into the groups lives which increases external validity.           - identify too strongly with the group so lose objectivity.
    • Observationaltechniques

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